http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21745501
12 March 2013 Last updated at 13:08 GMT
Letter from Africa: Kenya passes electoral test - but what next?
Uhuru Kenyatta (2R) and his deputy William Ruto (2L) have been charged with crimes against humanity
US intervention in Kenya's presidential election strengthened the resolve of voters to propel Uhuru Kenyatta into the presidency, writes Nairobi-based Joseph Warungu in our series of letters from African journalists.
"Choices have consequences" - that warning to Kenyans, issued by US Assistant Secretary of State Jonnie Carson almost a month before the presidential election won by Uhuru Kenyatta, played on the minds of many voters as they cast their ballots on 4 March.
When in early February, during a briefing to journalists, Mr Carson was pushed to explain America's position regarding the candidacy of two politicians who are charged with crimes against humanity at the International Criminal Court, he had a simple answer:
"We live in an interconnected world," Mr Carson said, "and people should be thoughtful about the impact that their choices have on their nation, on the region, on the economy, on the society and on the world in which they live. Choices have consequences."
Alone in the polling booth, more than six million Kenyans said to themselves: "I'm an African and a Kenyan, I don't need anyone out there telling me who or what to vote for."
As a consequence - they now have President-elect Kenyatta and his deputy, William Ruto, who will divide their time between running Kenya and fighting their cases at The Hague.
Some are calling it government by Skype.
'Family affair'
Kenyans also have a new form of decentralised government, the product of a progressive constitution they approved in 2010, that seeks to redistribute power and wealth from Nairobi and the presidency, to 47 counties, each led by a governor and local assembly.
Jomo Kenyatta (c) and Oginga Odinga (l) were bitter rivals, just like their sons
That same constitution also introduces 47 new seats for women in parliament in an attempt create better gender equality.
A bigger voice for women will certainly change the tone of debate in parliament, which in the past tended to echo the contents of the MPs honourable wallets, as they awarded themselves hefty pay increases.
Despite these major changes in governance, any Kenyan who went to sleep soon after independence 50 years ago, and woke up last weekend will be forgiven for quickly telling themselves: "I haven't missed much - Kenyatta is still fighting Odinga!"
Just like the early 1960s when President Jomo Kenyatta's main rival was Oginga Odinga; his son Uhuru Kenyatta's main challenger for power was Mr Oginga's son, Raila Odinga.
Indeed, the more things change in Kenya, the more they remain the same.
Former President Daniel arap Moi's shadow is also back in parliament and the new upper chamber, the Senate, in the form of his two sons, Alexander and Raymond Moi.
Like father like son, like brother like brother, like brother like sister.
The new Kenyan leadership is certainly a family affair, with another four sets of siblings elected into office.
But this was also an election with a difference.
A presidential debate was held for the first time ever - not once but three times.
With more than 80% of registered voters heading to the polling stations, it was the highest turnout in Kenya's history.
And although the final results took six days to be released, not a machete was lifted in anger - this was Kenyans at their most patient.
By turning up in such large numbers, Kenyans were re-establishing their faith in the democratic process.
And with Mr Odinga pledging to accept the ruling of the Supreme Court which will hear his case alleging that Mr Kenyatta's victory was rigged, he and the rest of Kenya was expressing confidence in the judiciary.
This too was an election about dreams and possibilities.
'Digital leaders'
That an unknown high school teacher from a minority community could run for presidency and beat seasoned politicians was unheard of.
Never mind that Mohamed Abduba Dida, was the source of comic relief in the presidential election campaign with such profound utterances like "you should only eat when you're hungry".
It was also an election fought and followed on social media.
Twitter was ablaze with running commentary on the campaign, the polling, the results and the waiting.
It featured the serious and light-hearted.
One presidential candidate who won the lowest number of votes was advised by tweeters not to bother taking up public space to concede defeat, but just spend a few minutes ringing each of the handful of people who voted for him and thank them personally.
The Kenyan media itself was a big winner in the election.
Compared to 2007 when the media was accused of fanning the post-election violence, this time round every single media house went all out with robust and consistent messages of peace.
Jomo Kenyatta (c) and Oginga Odinga (l) were bitter rivals, just like their sons
That same constitution also introduces 47 new seats for women in parliament in an attempt create better gender equality.
A bigger voice for women will certainly change the tone of debate in parliament, which in the past tended to echo the contents of the MPs honourable wallets, as they awarded themselves hefty pay increases.
Despite these major changes in governance, any Kenyan who went to sleep soon after independence 50 years ago, and woke up last weekend will be forgiven for quickly telling themselves: "I haven't missed much - Kenyatta is still fighting Odinga!"
Just like the early 1960s when President Jomo Kenyatta's main rival was Oginga Odinga; his son Uhuru Kenyatta's main challenger for power was Mr Oginga's son, Raila Odinga.
Indeed, the more things change in Kenya, the more they remain the same.
Former President Daniel arap Moi's shadow is also back in parliament and the new upper chamber, the Senate, in the form of his two sons, Alexander and Raymond Moi.
Like father like son, like brother like brother, like brother like sister.
The new Kenyan leadership is certainly a family affair, with another four sets of siblings elected into office.
But this was also an election with a difference.
A presidential debate was held for the first time ever - not once but three times.
With more than 80% of registered voters heading to the polling stations, it was the highest turnout in Kenya's history.
And although the final results took six days to be released, not a machete was lifted in anger - this was Kenyans at their most patient.
By turning up in such large numbers, Kenyans were re-establishing their faith in the democratic process.
And with Mr Odinga pledging to accept the ruling of the Supreme Court which will hear his case alleging that Mr Kenyatta's victory was rigged, he and the rest of Kenya was expressing confidence in the judiciary.
This too was an election about dreams and possibilities.
'Digital leaders'
That an unknown high school teacher from a minority community could run for presidency and beat seasoned politicians was unheard of.
Never mind that Mohamed Abduba Dida, was the source of comic relief in the presidential election campaign with such profound utterances like "you should only eat when you're hungry".
It was also an election fought and followed on social media.
Twitter was ablaze with running commentary on the campaign, the polling, the results and the waiting.
It featured the serious and light-hearted.
One presidential candidate who won the lowest number of votes was advised by tweeters not to bother taking up public space to concede defeat, but just spend a few minutes ringing each of the handful of people who voted for him and thank them personally.
The Kenyan media itself was a big winner in the election.
Compared to 2007 when the media was accused of fanning the post-election violence, this time round every single media house went all out with robust and consistent messages of peace.
There has been none of the violence seen after the 2007 election
So what awaits the new president when he finally takes the keys to State House once the Supreme Court has made its ruling on the pending petition?
- A divided nation - the election results confirmed what every Kenyan has always known, that the country is still deeply split along ethnic lines.
Most people voted not for "policies that speak to me" but for "personalities that speak like me". Deep and genuine social healing and building of bridges will be a top priority.
- Insecurity - with Kenyan forces still in Somalia, trying to stabilise their troublesome neighbour; with unemployment rising above 40% and with the cost of living heading to the skies, insecurity is alive and dangerous.
President-elect Uhuru Kenyatta acknowledged the urgency of the matter in his victory speech when he paid tribute to several police officers killed on the eve of the election.
Without security, meaningful development will be difficult. The president's tenure is unlikely to be secure if Kenyans remain insecure.
- Landlessness - for a man whose family owns huge tracts of land in different parts of Kenya, Mr Kenyatta will be under a lot of scrutiny to see how he tackles the touchy issue of land ownership.
Mr Odinga lost presidential elections for the third time
Kenyans will watch keenly how his government will address historical injustices regarding land that have left thousands displaced and forced Kenyans to jump on each other's throats disrupting lives and livelihoods.
Throughout the campaign, the Jubilee coalition led by Mr Kenyatta and Mr Ruto sold itself as a digital or modern, youthful party, compared to their rivals who were said to be stuck in the old analogue era.
By choosing to position themselves as "digital" leaders, the two will have now have to live with the consequences of the meaning of "digital".
As a broadcaster, I understand digital to mean bigger capacity, greater variety and flexibility; and also better quality - in this case of leadership and service delivery.
Kenyans are looking up to the new leadership with great hopes for better healthcare, jobs, improved agriculture and a faster pace of economic development.
The people are waiting to see what choice will preoccupy the president and his deputy - Kenya's development or the ICC process.
With the ICC prosecutors now saying they have new evidence against Mr Kenyatta and that his prosecution should continue, choices, indeed, might have consequences.
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News: Uhuru Kenyatta declared the fourth President of Kenya
公開日: 2013/03/09
Uhuru Kenyatta declared the fourth President of Kenya
Watch KTN Streaming LIVE from Kenya 24/7 on http://www.ktnkenya.tv
Watch KTN Streaming LIVE from Kenya 24/7 on http://www.ktnkenya.tv
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Uhuru Kenyatta [Full Speech] at TNA Launch
公開日: 2012/07/02
Uhuru Kenyatta's speech at the TNA Launch that took place on the 20th of May 2012 at KICC.
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Uhuru Kenyatta on Churchill Live
アップロード日: 2011/05/18
Uhuru Kenyatta appearance on Churchill Live
Uhuru Kenyatta meets Nyanza Professional and Business Caucus
アップロード日: 2011/04/20
Met the Luo Nyanza Professional and Business Caucus yesterday where we discussed homegrown solutions for our people. Here are the highlights of the meeting for those of you who missed it. Tuko Pamoja.
Uhuru Kenyatta Exclusive Interview - Part 1
アップロード日: 2011/08/30
Uhuru Kenyatta interview with Dr. James Mwangi when he attended the Equity Group 2nd Annual Gifted Scholars Leadership Development Congress at Kenyatta University.
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Uhuru Kenyatta Exclusive Interview - Part 2
アップロード日: 2011/08/30
Uhuru Kenyatta interview with Dr. James Mwangi when he attended the Equity Group 2nd Annual Gifted Scholars Leadership Development Congress at Kenyatta University.
Uhuru Kenyatta Exclusive Interview - Part 3
アップロード日: 2011/08/31
Uhuru Kenyatta interview with Dr. James Mwangi when he attended the Equity Group 2nd Annual Gifted Scholars Leadership Development Congress at Kenyatta University.
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Uhuru Kenyatta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta
| This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2013) |
| Uhuru Kenyatta | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President of Kenya | |
| Taking office march 26 2013 | |
| Succeeding | Mwai Kibaki |
| Majority | 6,173,433 (50.07%)[1] |
| Deputy Prime Minister of Kenya | |
| In office 17 April 2008 – March 26 2013 Serving with Musalia Mudavadi | |
| President | Mwai Kibaki |
| Prime Minister | Raila Odinga |
| Minister of Finance | |
| In office 2009 – 26 January 2012 | |
| President | Mwai Kibaki |
| Preceded by | Amos Kimunya |
| Succeeded by | Robinson Njeru Githae |
| Minister of Trade | |
| In office April 2008 – 2009 | |
| President | Mwai Kibaki |
| Minister of Local Government | |
| In office January 2008 – April 2008 | |
| President | Mwai Kibaki |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Nairobi, Kenya 26 October 1961 |
| Nationality | Kenyan |
| Political party | TNA |
| Other political affiliations | KANU PNU (2007–2012) Jubilee Alliance (2012–present) |
| Spouse(s) | Margaret Kenyatta (m. 1991) |
| Relations | Jomo Kenyatta (father) |
| Children | |
| Alma mater | Amherst College |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Website | www.uhuru.co.ke |
Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta (born 26 October 1961) is a Kenyan politician who was elected as President of Kenya in March 2013. He has served in the government of Kenya as Deputy Prime Minister since 2008 and was also the Member of Parliament for Gatundu South Constituency. Kenyatta also served as Chairman of Kenya African National Union (KANU), which was a part of the Party of National Unity (PNU).
Kenyatta is the son of Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya's first president (1964–1978). His origin in Kenya's Kikuyu tribe has played a key role in his political life. His name, Uhuru, is Swahili for "freedom". He attended St Mary's School in Nairobi. From there he went on to study political science at Amherst College in the United States.
Nominated to Parliament in 2001, he became Minister for Local Government under President Daniel arap Moi and, despite his political inexperience, was favored by President Moi as his successor; Kenyatta ran as KANU's candidate in the December 2002 presidential election, but lost to opposition candidate Mwai Kibaki by a large margin. He subsequently became Leader of the Opposition in Parliament. He backed Kibaki for re-election in the December 2007 presidential election and was named Minister of Local Government by Kibaki in January 2008, before becoming Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Trade in April 2008 as part of a coalition government.
Subsequently Kenyatta was Minister of Finance from 2009 to 2012, while remaining Deputy Prime Minister. Accused by the International Criminal Court (ICC) of committing crimes against humanity in relation to the violent aftermath of the 2007 election, he resigned as Minister of Finance on 26 January 2012.
Political life
His initial entry into politics came through his election as the chairman of his hometown branch of the ruling party, KANU, in 1997. This came with the tacit approval of President Moi. At the time, many saw the election as a calculated move to prepare Uhuru for bigger things.
In the general election held the same year, Uhuru Kenyatta contested the Gatundu South Constituency parliamentary seat, once held by his father. It was assumed he would sail through. But that was not be: Uhuru lost to Moses Mwihia, a little-known Nairobi architect. After losing the election, Uhuru's friends say that he was extremely upset and that he vowed to quit politics altogether.
He hurriedly retreated to the family business empire that includes five-star tourist hotels, airlines and commercial farming. Little did Uhuru know that President Moi was still intent on propelling him onto the national political scene.
In 1999 Moi appointed Uhuru the new chairman of the Kenya Tourism Board, where he worked with Kenya's political power-broker Nicholas Biwott, a very close confidante of the president. Apparently the young Uhuru was undergoing even more intensive training. Then came October 2001 and Uhuru was nominated to parliament and subsequently to the cabinet as Minister for Local Government. In March of this year Uhuru Kenyatta made it big on the national political scene when he was elected as one of the four national vice-chairmen of KANU.
President Moi paid a heavy price for ensuring Kenyatta was KANU's presidential candidate, with several senior party figures, their own ambitions thwarted, resigning to set up another party (the Liberal Democratic Party). Since he joined Moi's inner circle, Uhuru Kenyatta has been fighting to prove that he is his own man and not Moi's stooge. In late January 2005, Uhuru Kenyatta defeated Nicholas Biwott for chairmanship of KANU, taking 2,980 votes among party delegates against Biwott's 622.[2]
Uhuru led his party Kanu in Campaigns against the draft constitution in 2005, having teamed up with the Liberal Democratic Party to form the Orange Democratic Movement. This saw Kenyans humiliate the government by rejecting the draft constitution by a noticeable margin.
In November 2006, Kenyatta was displaced as KANU leader by Biwott, although Kenyatta said he would not accept the decision.[3][4] On 28 December 2006, the High Court of Kenya reinstated Uhuru Kenyatta as KANU chairman. However, further court proceedings followed.[5] On 28 June 2007, the High Court confirmed Kenyatta as party leader, ruling that there was insufficient evidence for Biwott's argument that Kenyatta had joined another party.[6]
On 13 September 2007, Kenyatta withdrew from the December 2007 presidential election and said that he would back Kibaki for re-election.[7] He said that he did not want to run unless he could be sure of winning.[8]
Following the election, amidst the controversy that resulted when Kibaki was declared the victor despite claims of fraud from challenger Raila Odinga and his Orange Democratic Movement, Kibaki appointed Kenyatta as Minister for Local Government on 8 January 2008.[9] After Kibaki and Odinga reached a power-sharing agreement, Kenyatta was named Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Trade on 13 April 2008, as part of the Grand Coalition Cabinet. He is the Deputy Prime Minister representing the PNU, while another Deputy Prime Minister, Musalia Mudavadi, represents the ODM.[10][11][12] Kenyatta and the rest of the Cabinet were sworn in on 17 April.[13][14]
Uhuru ran for President in the elections held on 4th March 2013 and garnered 6,173,433 votes (50.03%) out of the 12,338,667 votes cast. As this was above the 50% plus 1 vote thresh-hold, he won it on the first round without requiring a run-off between the top two candidates.[15]. He was therefore declared the fourth President of the Republic of Kenya by the Independent Boundaries and Elections Commission (IEBC).
According to the IEBC Raila Odinga garnered 5,340,546 votes (43.4%) and was thus the second in the field of eight candidates. The results of the election are contested and the CORD alliance led by Raila Odinga currently has an election petition pending at the Supreme Court that could overturn the results. A number of other petitions around the election are also pending.
This page was last modified on 30 March 2013 at 01:20.
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http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A4%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF
ジョモ・ケニヤッタ
ジョモ・ケニヤッタ（Jomo Kenyatta, 1893年10月20日 - 1978年8月22日）は、ケニアの初代首相（1963 - 1964年）および初代大統領（1964年 - 1978年）。独立国家としてのケニアの創立者。生年月日はあくまで「公式」設定で定かではなく、1889年〜1895年まで幅がある。なお出生時の名はカマウ・ウェ・ンゲンギ（Kamau wa Ngengi）で、独立運動を開始した際「ケニアの光」を意味する名に改めたという。従って、彼に因んでケニアの国名が命名された訳ではない。また、「ケニヤッタ」とは、いつも身につけていたベルト「Kinyata」にちなむと言う説もある。
1952年にマウマウ団の乱に関係したとされ、またその一味であったとされ逮捕された。裁判官や通訳者などが不当にケニヤッタを扱った[1]とされる裁判は5ヶ月に及び、結果として7年間の重度労役処分[2]とされたが、ケニア北西の辺境地ロドワーに移送され保護監察下での執行猶予処置とされた。現在の研究でも、彼とマウマウとの関係はあったとされているが、他の説を唱える研究もある[3]。結果的に1959年まで刑務所で過ごすこととなった。
1963年にケニアが独立すると初代首相となり、1年後に大統領制に移行するとそのまま大統領となった。大統領としてのケニヤッタは一貫して西側寄りの資本主義体制を堅持し、外資を積極導入し西側寄りの政策を取った。このためケニア経済は発展し、東アフリカの地域大国となっていった。一方で国内では独裁政治を行い、1969年には完全に与党ケニア・アフリカ民族同盟（KANU)による一党制を敷くこととなった。また、自らの出身民族であり、ケニア最大民族でもあるキクユ人の優遇を行い、後の民族対立の発端となった。
ケニアのみならず、アフリカ諸国の民族運動に大きな影響を与えた。自らの出身でもあるキクユ族の研究でも民俗学者として業績を残す。ナイロビにあるジョモ・ケニヤッタ国際空港は彼にちなんで名付けられた。建国の父として「ムゼー（Mzee、おじいさん）」という愛称がある。1966年から現在に至るまで、複数額面のケニア・シリング紙幣で肖像が使用されている。
「白人がアフリカにやってきたとき、われわれは土地を持ち、彼らは聖書を持っていた。彼らはわれわれに目を閉じて祈ることを教えた。われわれが目を開いたとき、彼らは土地を持ち、われわれは聖書しか持っていなかった」
最終更新 2013年3月20日
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Jomo Kenyatta Documentary
アップロード日: 2011/11/08
Jomo Kenyatta Documentary
Meet Jomo Kenyatta
アップロード日: 2010/08/26
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1960 Tom Mboya - Kenyan Leader with President John F. Kennedy - Press Photo
http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/1960-Tom-Mboya-Kenyan-Leader-President-John-F-Kennedy-Press-Photo-/190699052663?_trksid=m263&_trkparms=algo%3DSIC%26its%3DI%26itu%3DUCI%252BIA%252BUA%252BFICS%252BUFI%26otn%3D10%26pmod%3D251056139459%26ps%3D50
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Tom Mboya & Dr. Martin L King at a Civil Rights Rally in DC
アップロード日: 2009/01/19
African Nationalist Thomas Joseph Mboya coordinated an "airlift" in 1959 of 81 Kenyan students to the USA to attend college. With the help of Dr. King, the African American Students Foundation and its sponsors, Harry Belafonte, Jackie Robinson, and Sidney Poitier, Mboya raised sufficient funds to cover the students' travel expenses. One of the students was a certain Barack Husein Obama snr., the late father of US President Barrack Obama. This rally was in Washington DC, 1959
カテゴリ 教育
==============================
Barack Obama, Sr.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama,_Sr.
Barack Hussein Obama, Sr.
| Barack Hussein Obama, Sr. | |
| Born | Baraka Obama[1] 18 June 1936[2] Nyang’oma Kogelo, Rachuonyo District, Kenya Colony[3] |
|---|---|
| Died | 24 November 1982 (aged 46) Nairobi, Kenya[4] |
| Cause of death | Automobile accident |
| Resting place | Nyang’oma Kogelo, Siaya, Kenya[5] |
| Nationality | Kenyan |
| Ethnicity | Luo |
| Alma mater | University of Hawaii Harvard University |
| Occupation | Economist |
| Known for | Father of U.S. President Barack Obama |
| Religion | None (Atheist)[6] |
| Spouse(s) | Kezia Obama Stanley Ann Dunham Ruth Ndesandjo Jael Otieno[7][8][9][10] |
| Children | Malik Obama (b.1958) Auma Obama (b.1960) Barack Obama (b.1961) Mark Ndesandjo (b.1965)[11] David Ndesandjo (1968–1987) Abo Obama (b.1968) Bernard Obama (b.1970) George Obama (b.1982) |
| Parents | Hussein Onyango Obama and Akumu Habiba[5] |
Later that year, he married Ruth Beatrice Baker, a Jewish-American woman with whom he had developed a relationship in Massachusetts. They had two sons together before separating in 1971 and divorcing in 1973. Obama first worked for an oil company, before beginning work as an economist with the Kenyan Ministry of Transport. He gained a promotion to senior economic analyst in the Ministry of Finance. Among a cadre of young Kenyan men educated in the West in a program supported by Tom Mboya, Obama had conflicts with Kenyan president Jomo Kenyatta, which adversely affected his career. He was fired and blacklisted in Kenya, finding it nearly impossible to get a job. Drinking heavily, Obama suffered two serious car accidents and died in a third in 1982.
Early life and education
Obama was born in Rachuonyo District[3] on the shores of Lake Victoria just outside Kendu Bay, Kenya Colony, at the time a colony of the British Empire. He was raised in the village of Nyang’oma Kogelo, Siaya District, Nyanza Province.[14] His family are members of the Luo ethnic group. His father was Onyango (later Hussein) Obama (c. 1895-1979), and his mother, Habiba Akumu Nyanjango of Karabondi, Kenya, was his second wife. After Akumu separated from her husband Hussein and left the family in 1945, the boy Barack Obama was raised by his father Hussein's third wife, Sarah Ogwel of Kogelo.[5][15]
Before working as a cook for missionaries and local herbalist in Nairobi, Barack Obama's father Onyango had traveled widely, enlisting in the British colonial forces and visiting Europe, India, and Zanzibar. There he converted from Roman Catholicism to Islam and took the name Hussein. In 1949, after becoming more politically active, Onyango was jailed by the British for six months due to his working for the Kenyan independence movement. According to Sarah Onyango Obama, her husband Hussein Onyango was subjected to beatings and abuse; it resulted in permanent physical disabilities and his loathing of the British.[16]
Obama was raised in a Muslim family.[17] When he was about six years old and attending a Christian missionary school, the boy converted to Anglicanism when strongly encouraged by the staff. He changed his name from "Baraka" to the more Christian-sounding "Barack".[18]
While still living near Kendu Bay, Obama attended Gendia Primary School. After his family moved to Siaya District, he transferred to Ng’iya Intermediate School.[3] From 1950 to 1953, he studied at Maseno National School, an exclusive Anglican boarding school in Maseno.[19] The head teacher, B.L. Bowers, described Obama in his records as "very keen, steady, trustworthy and friendly. Concentrates, reliable and out-going."[20]
Marriage and family
In 1954 at the age of eighteen, Obama married Kezia Aoko[21] in a tribal ceremony. They had two children, Malik (a.k.a. Roy) and Auma, during the early years of their marriage. Later, after Obama had married a third time, Kezia had two more sons. Abo and Bernard who are thought to be Obama's children.[22] In his memoir, Dreams from My Father, Obama said that his father's family questions whether Abo and Bernard are his biological sons.[23]
College and graduate school
In 1959, Obama received a scholarship in economics through a program organized by the nationalist leader Tom Mboya. The program offered education in the West to outstanding Kenyan students.[24][25][26] Initial financial supporters of the program included Harry Belafonte, Sidney Poitier, Jackie Robinson, and Elizabeth Mooney Kirk, a literacy advocate who provided most of the financial support for Obama's early years in the United States.[27] Funds provided the next year by John F. Kennedy's family paid off old debts of the project and subsidized student stipends, indirectly benefiting Obama and other members of the 1959 group of scholarship holders.[28] When Obama left for America, he left behind his young wife, Kezia, and their baby son, Malik. Kezia was also pregnant, and their daughter, Auma, was born while her father was in Hawaii.[29]
University of Hawaii
In September 1959, Obama enrolled at the University of Hawaii at Manoa in Honolulu as the university's first African foreign student.[30] He initially lived across the street from the university at the Charles H. Atherton branch of the YMCA at 1810 University Avenue;[30] public records from 1961 indicate he later had a residence two miles southeast of the university at 625 11th Avenue in the Kaimuki neighborhood.[31] In September 1960, Obama met Stanley Ann Dunham in a basic Russian language course at the University of Hawaii.[30] Dunham dropped out of the University of Hawaii after the fall 1960 semester after becoming pregnant, while Obama continued his education.[32] Obama married Dunham in Wailuku on the Hawaiian island of Maui on 2 February 1961.[32][33] He eventually told Dunham about his previous marriage in Kenya, but said he was divorced—which she found out years later was a lie.[30]
Obama and Dunham's son, Barack II, was born in Honolulu on 4 August 1961 at the old Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital—a predecessor of the Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children.[30] His birth was announced in The Honolulu Advertiser and the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, with his parents' address listed as 6085 Kalanianaole Highway in the Kuliouou neighborhood of Honolulu, seven miles east of the university—the rented home of Dunham's parents, Stanley and Madelyn Dunham.[31] Soon after his birth, Dunham took her son to Seattle, Washington, where she took classes at the University of Washington from September 1961 to June 1962.[34] Obama continued his education at the University of Hawaii and in 1961–1962 lived one mile east of the university in the St. Louis Heights neighborhood.[35][36] He graduated from the University of Hawaii after three years with a B.A. in economics[37] and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa[38] and left Hawaii in June 1962.[4][30]
Harvard University
In September 1962, after a tour of mainland U.S. universities, Obama traveled to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he began a graduate fellowship in economics at Harvard University and rented an apartment in a rooming house near Central Square in Cambridge.[26][39] Meanwhile, Dunham and their son returned to Honolulu in the latter half of 1962, and she resumed her undergraduate education in January 1963 in the spring semester at the University of Hawaii.[34] In January 1964, Dunham filed for divorce in Honolulu; the divorce was not contested by Obama.[32][40] In 1965, Dunham married Lolo Soetoro,[41] a Javanese[42] surveyor whom she had met at the East-West Center.[43]
Obama was forced to leave his Ph.D. program at Harvard University in May 1964 (and received an A.M. in economics from Harvard in 1965).[4][26][33][44][45] In June 1964, Obama met and began dating a 27-year-old Jewish American elementary school teacher named Ruth Beatrice Baker, the daughter of prosperous Lithuanian immigrants to the United States.[46][47][48]
Return to Kenya
Obama returned to Kenya in August 1964.[49] Baker followed him, and they married 24 December 1964.[50] They had two sons together, Mark Okoth Obama in 1965 and David Opiyo Obama in 1968.[51] Baker and Obama separated in 1971,[52][53] and divorced in 1973.[4][26] Baker subsequently married a Tanzanian named Ndesandjo and took his surname, as did her sons Mark and David. Mark said in 2009 that Obama had been abusive to him, his late brother David, and his mother.[22][47][48]
After working for an oil company, Obama served as an economist in the Kenyan Ministry of Transport. He later was promoted to senior economist in the Kenyan Ministry of Finance.[54] In 1959, a monograph written by him had been published by the Kenyan Department of Education, entitled Otieno jarieko. Kitabu mar ariyo. 2: Yore mabeyo mag puro puothe. (English: Otieno, the wise man. Book 2: Wise ways of farming.)[55][56] That same year, Obama published a paper entitled "Problems Facing Our Socialism" in the East Africa Journal, harshly criticizing the blueprint for national planning, "African Socialism and Its Applicability to Planning in Kenya", which had been produced by Tom Mboya's Ministry of Economic Planning and Development. The article was signed "Barak H. Obama."[57] In December 1971, Obama was still recuperating after an almost year-long hospitalization following an automobile accident.[58] He made a month-long trip to Hawaii, during which he visited with his ex-wife Ann and son Barack II. The visit was the last time the boy would see his father.[59] On that trip Obama took his son to his first jazz concert, a performance by the pianist Dave Brubeck.[60]
President Obama recalled his father giving him his first basketball:
I only remember my father for one month my whole life, when I was 10. And it wasn't until much later in life that I realized, like, he gave me my first basketball and it was shortly thereafter that I became this basketball fanatic. And he took me to my first jazz concert and it was sort of shortly thereafter that I became really interested in jazz and music. So what it makes you realize how much of an impact [even if it's only a month] that they have on you. But I think probably the most important thing was his absence I think contributed to me really wanting to be a good dad, you know? Because I think not having him there made me say to myself 'you know what I want to make sure my girls feel like they've got somebody they can rely on.'"[61]
According to his son's memoir, Obama's conflict with President Jomo Kenyatta destroyed the economist's career.[62] The decline began after Tom Mboya was assassinated in 1969. After Kenyatta fired Obama he was blacklisted in Kenya and found it impossible to get work. He began to drink heavily and had a serious car accident in 1970, requiring almost a year in the hospital. By the time he visited his son in Hawaii in late 1971, he had a bad leg.[63] Obama's life deteriorated into drinking and poverty, from which he never recovered. His friend, journalist Philip Ochieng, has described Obama's difficult personality and drinking problems in the Kenya newspaper, Daily Nation.[24]
Obama later lost both legs in a second serious automobile accident, and subsequently lost his job. He fathered another son named George. Six months after George's birth, Obama died in 1982 in a car crash in Nairobi, his third since 1970.[24] He was interred in his native village of Nyang’oma Kogelo, Siaya District. His funeral was attended by ministers Robert Ouko, Peter Oloo-Aringo and other prominent political figures.[3]
This page was last modified on 27 March 2013 at 20:08.
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Tom Mboya Legacy
アップロード日: 2011/07/06
説明はありません。
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Tom Mboya breathes his last
アップロード日: 2011/12/01
Last moments of Tom Mboya as he takes his last breath
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Tom Mboya Funeral
アップロード日: 2011/11/28
説明はありません。
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Tom Mboya
http://www.tommboya.org/index.php/news/articles/112-kpu-role-in-kenyattas-biggest-blunder
Tom Mboya
KPU role in Kenyatta’s biggest blunder
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- Created on Friday, 20 April 2012 22:25
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Riots broke out almost immediately in Nairobi and Kisumu.
The first target of public anger was the Kenyatta Government. Angry crowds clashed with riot police, as they tried to force their way into the hospital where he had been rushed. Members of the Kikuyu community, seen as supporters of Kanu and Kenyatta, came under attack in Homa Bay and Kisumu.
Mboya’s political rivals in the Luo community moved to distance themselves from the killing.
Thorn in the flesh
The Kanu Secretary General had long been a thorn in the flesh of KPU’s Oginga Odinga, fighting to keep Kanu secure in Nyanza and thwarting Jaramogi’s push for greater Eastern bloc influence in Kenya. He had played a key role in forcing Odinga out of Government after an ideological and personal contest that had begun long before Independence. When Jaramogi quit Kanu to form his new opposition party the Kenya People’s Union in 1966, Mboya declared: "Those who are following him blindly will suffer forever."
Knowing KPU might be seen as having exacted revenge for Pinto’s killing or for the years of frustration at Mboya’s hands, Achieng Oneko, KPU’s publicity secretary, issued a denial on the day of the shooting: "This is not a political assassination. There is no question of parties here. He belonged to us all."
The backlash against the communists Mboya had spent the first three years of independence fighting continued for some time after the shooting. China came in for special censure when The East African Standard disclosed the embassy building was defying a request from President Kenyatta to fly their flag at half-mast.
This "Communist disrespect", furiously castigated in the media and Parliament, led to calls for the last few officials of the Peiping regime still in Nairobi to be ejected. (Full diplomatic relations had been severed two years earlier after an anti-communist campaign led by Mboya, Daniel arap Moi and others in Kanu).
The reaction that was to have the greatest significance to Kenya’s future did not come immediately.
It happened about three months later after Kenyatta, Mboya’s political ally until his death, went to Kisumu, then opposition territory, to open a public hospital.
There, the president was heckled and his motorcade stoned by youths angry at the unresolved killing. Kenyatta’s bodyguards shot at the rioting crowds, killing an unknown number of people.
Three days later, KPU, the opposition party Kenyatta and Mboya had fought since 1966, was banned. Many of its members were arrested, remaining in detention for between two and six years. Nyanza was now in the political cold.
With Mboya gone, and KPU broken, Kenyatta made no effort to groom a Luo politician to oppose Jaramogi, instead resorting to a strategy of political and economic neglect that went on for several years.
Worst political mistakes
What Kenya’s first president did next has been described as "one of the worst political mistakes of his presidency".
Feeling under threat from the loss of Luo support in Kanu, and weakened by the killing of Mboya, the President turned to his Kikuyu community. Thus, came the infamous ‘tea parties’ in Gatundu — loyalty visits and secret oathing ceremonies that rekindled memories of the Mau Mau rebellion.
The nakedly tribal ceremonies caused Butere MP Martin Shikuku to ask: "In the past, there was a reason for the oath. It was to remove the mzungu. What is the oath for now?" Church leaders from the Catholic, Presbyterian and Anglican churches, which have deep roots in Central Kenya, protested strongly at the oathing, forcing it to come to a stop.
Nobody really knows why Kenyatta chose to rally his community behind him in this way, abandoning the efforts at African nationalism he, Mboya and others had worked to build since Independence.
Some observers say that he was forced to do so by the ethnic challenges for power he had to deal with after independence. First came the Shifta War of 1963-1967, in which Somalia funded Kenyan Somalis seeking to break away from Kenya and become part of a Greater Somaliland. Then came the Cold War-fuelled challenge from Odinga, which he thwarted with Mboya’s help.
With Kanu split on ideology and the Luo-dominated KPU on the rise in Nyanza, a third threat was on the horizon — from prominent leaders in the Luo and Kamba communities. The threat was one Mboya had foreseen before he was killed.
Following one of several attempts on his life, the Kanu leader’s American friends urged him to hire a bodyguard. He initially refused, but after the killing of US presidential candidate Robert Kennedy in 1968, he changed his mind. His benefactors in the US provided the money for the bodyguard.
In March 1969, Mboya wrote a letter to William X Scheinman, one of his US friends, warning that matters in Kanu were so bad that he not only feared his own assassination, but also an army coup that might topple Kenyatta.
Fateful words
His words turned out to be fateful when he was killed a few months later. In 1971, Army commander Maj-Gen Joseph Ndolo, Chief Justice Kitili Mwendwa and others were involved in an attempted coup. It came not long after Idi Amin had executed a successful overthrow of the Obote regime earlier in the year, echoing events in several other African countries. The Kenyan plot was rumbled when university lecturer Ouma Muga allegedly went to Tanzania’s President Julius Nyerere to seek funds for the plot. Rather than help, Nyerere arrested the plotters and informed Kenyan military intelligence.
According to Charles Hornsby, author of Kenya: A History Since Independence, over a dozen people were arrested in Kenya, including four ex-KPU members. For some reason, the Kenyatta Government played down the evidence of KPU involvement in the 1971 coup.
Just a year earlier, however, it had extracted public ‘confessions’ from former Odinga allies who claimed the KPU leader was receiving foreign funds to undermine Kenyatta. One said Odinga had received Sh1 million ($140,000) from China, Russia and North Korea between 1967 and 1969. China, he claimed, was the main donor, with Russia having become dissatisfied with the KPU leader in 1965.
These efforts to weaken Odinga only served to make ethnic relations worse. As the coup plotters later explained, it was the tribal turn that Kenyatta had taken in 1969 after Mboya’s killing that sparked their treasonous act.
The irony of it all is that some of the KPU leaders who were against Kenyatta’s actions had themselves tried to use tribal differences against Mboya. Worse, their failed coup attempt served to make tribal tensions even worse.
The same year they were planning to overthrow the ‘House of Mumbi’, a new organisation arose to consolidate Central Kenya’s cultural and political power.
The Gikuyu, Embu and Meru Association, Gema, was formed in 1971 starting off a decade of ethnic dominance whose repercussions are still being debated to this day.
The assassination divided not just the Luo and Kikuyu, but also the ‘House of Mumbi itself. A bitter mistrust developed between the Southern (Kiambu) and Northern Kikuyu (Nyeri) over who might be a credible Central Kenya successor. Josiah Mwangi ‘JM’ Kariuki and to some extent Finance minister Mwai Kibaki were fancied in the North, while the South had the more powerful and ambitious pretenders to the throne, including Mbiyu Koinange, Dr Njoroge Mungai and Attorney General Charles Njonjo.
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Copyright© 2013 Tom Mboya Foundation. design by Richard Ruoro
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Evening with Tom Mboya final2
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Evening with Tom Mboya final2
http://www.knchr.org/Portals/0/CivilAndPoliticalReports/An%20Evening%20with%20Tom%20Mboya.pdf
P9:
A N E V E N I N G W I T H T O M M B O Y A
Tom Mboya was a Kenyan. Tom Mboya was a Pan-Africanist. Tom Mboya was a true nationalist who reviled ethnic politics and sectarianism. Tom Mboya should be a role model for Kenyans – and especially politicians. If they emulated him, many of the tensions within the political class would probably not be as intense as they are today.
The Kenya National Commission on Human Rights has been working with various civil society stake holders to advocate for the establishment of a Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC) – in pursuance of the recommendations of the Government’s own Task Force, established to look into this matter. The TJRC would conduct investigations into past gross human rights violations, including political assassinations such as that of Tom Mboya, and will make recommendations to the government for appropriate action. The TJRC will be a mechanism for dealing with the past so that similar grave human rights violations and atrocities are never again committed in present or future governments.
It is a fact: A nation that does not know its past, a nation that does not recognize and deal with its past, is a nation without a future. There is little doubt that many of the problems we have faced in this country – from corruption, negative ethnicity and xenophobia, human rights abuses, poverty and inequality – have partly been as a result of the fact that we have not, as a nation, collectively and comprehensively looked at our past, learnt the lessons from it, and made a conscious decision to move away from that past.
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President John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address
http://youtu.be/PEC1C4p0k3E
アップロード日: 2011/01/16
評価の高いコメント
John F Kennedy Funeral Graveside Ceremonies Nov 25, 1963
アップロード日: 2011/11/27
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The Funeral of John F. Kennedy in color
アップロード日: 2008/12/17
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JFK's Irish Honour Guard (Part 1 of 6)~(Part 6 of 6)
アップロード日: 2008/12/07
P9:
A N E V E N I N G W I T H T O M M B O Y A
Tom Mboya was a Kenyan. Tom Mboya was a Pan-Africanist. Tom Mboya was a true nationalist who reviled ethnic politics and sectarianism. Tom Mboya should be a role model for Kenyans – and especially politicians. If they emulated him, many of the tensions within the political class would probably not be as intense as they are today.
The Kenya National Commission on Human Rights has been working with various civil society stake holders to advocate for the establishment of a Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC) – in pursuance of the recommendations of the Government’s own Task Force, established to look into this matter. The TJRC would conduct investigations into past gross human rights violations, including political assassinations such as that of Tom Mboya, and will make recommendations to the government for appropriate action. The TJRC will be a mechanism for dealing with the past so that similar grave human rights violations and atrocities are never again committed in present or future governments.
It is a fact: A nation that does not know its past, a nation that does not recognize and deal with its past, is a nation without a future. There is little doubt that many of the problems we have faced in this country – from corruption, negative ethnicity and xenophobia, human rights abuses, poverty and inequality – have partly been as a result of the fact that we have not, as a nation, collectively and comprehensively looked at our past, learnt the lessons from it, and made a conscious decision to move away from that past.
===============================================================
President John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address
http://youtu.be/PEC1C4p0k3E
アップロード日: 2011/01/16
On January 20, 1961, President John F. Kennedy was sworn into office and delivered one of the most famous inaugural addresses in U.S. history.
評価の高いコメント
John F Kennedy Funeral Graveside Ceremonies Nov 25, 1963
アップロード日: 2011/11/27
Entire Funeral Graveside Ceremonies Nov 25, 1963 for President John F Kennedy
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The Funeral of John F. Kennedy in color
アップロード日: 2008/12/17
On Sunday afternoon, November 24th 1963, about 300,000 people watched a horse-drawn caisson, which had borne the body of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Unknown Soldier, carry Kennedy's flag-covered mahogany casket down the White House drive, past parallel rows of soldiers bearing the flags of the 50 states of the Union, then along Pennsylvania Avenue to the Capitol Rotunda to lie in state. The only sounds on Pennsylvania Avenue as the cortège made its way to the Capitol were the sounds of the muffled drums and the clacking of horses' hooves.
Monday, November 25th 1963, the casket was borne again by caisson on the final leg to Arlington National Cemetery for burial. Moments after the casket was carried down the front steps of the cathedral, Jacqueline Kennedy whispered to her son, after which he saluted his father's coffin, a gesture captured by the cameras and long remembered. The children were deemed to be too young to attend the final burial service, so this was the point where the children said goodbye to their father.
Monday, November 25th 1963, the casket was borne again by caisson on the final leg to Arlington National Cemetery for burial. Moments after the casket was carried down the front steps of the cathedral, Jacqueline Kennedy whispered to her son, after which he saluted his father's coffin, a gesture captured by the cameras and long remembered. The children were deemed to be too young to attend the final burial service, so this was the point where the children said goodbye to their father.
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JFK's Irish Honour Guard (Part 1 of 6)~(Part 6 of 6)
アップロード日: 2008/12/07
Click "More Info" above.
The Honour Guard at JFK`s graveside were the 37th Cadet Class of the Irish Army.
Never before in American history have a sovereign army been invited to carry out such an event on US soil.
JFK was greatly impressed by the Irish Cadets on his last official visit to the Republic of Ireland, so much so that Jackie Kennedy requested the Irish Army to be the Honour Guard at her husband´s funeral.
The Honour Guard at JFK`s graveside were the 37th Cadet Class of the Irish Army.
Never before in American history have a sovereign army been invited to carry out such an event on US soil.
JFK was greatly impressed by the Irish Cadets on his last official visit to the Republic of Ireland, so much so that Jackie Kennedy requested the Irish Army to be the Honour Guard at her husband´s funeral.
Obama's Irish Roots (ITN)
アップロード日: 2008/01/29
Obama speaks to ITN's Washington Correspondent John Irvine about his Irish roots and his plans for a President Obama
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Barack Obama - His Life in PIctures
アップロード日: 2008/03/02
A retrospective of his life from the early years, through high school, college, his life with Michelle and his family, and on the campaign trail.
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Obama's Tribute to his Mother
アップロード日: 2008/02/15
An extract from the preface to Barack Obama's first book "Dreams from my Father", in which he pays tribute to his mother Ann Dunham
rack Obama moving film - A Mothers Promise
アップロード日: 2009/01/18
Barack Obama was born to a white American mother, Ann Dunham, and a black Kenyan father, Barack Obama, Sr., who were both young college students at the University of Hawaii. When his father left for Harvard, she and Barack stayed behind, and his father ultimately returned alone to Kenya, where he worked as a government economist. Barack's mother remarried an Indonesian oil manager and moved to Jakarta when Barack was six. He later recounted Indonesia as simultaneously lush and a harrowing exposure to tropical poverty. He returned to Hawaii, where he was brought up largely by his grandparents. The family lived in a small apartment - his grandfather was a furniture salesman and an unsuccessful insurance agent and his grandmother worked in a bank - but Barack managed to get into Punahou School, Hawaii's top prep academy. His father wrote to him regularly but, though he traveled around the world on official business for Kenya, he visited only once, when Barack was ten.
Obama attended Columbia University, but found New York's racial tension inescapable. He became a community organizer for a small Chicago church-based group for three years, helping poor South Side residents cope with a wave of plant closings. He then attended Harvard Law School, and in 1990 became the first African-American editor of the Harvard Law Review. He turned down a prestigious judicial clerkship, choosing instead to practice civil-rights law back in Chicago, representing victims of housing and employment discrimination and working on voting-rights legislation. He also began teaching at the University of Chicago Law School. Eventually he ran as a Democrat for the state senate seat from his district, which included both Hyde Park and some of the poorest ghettos on the South Side, and won.
In 2004 Obama was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Democrat, representing Illinois, and gained national attention by giving a rousing and well-received keynote speech at the Democratic National Convention in Boston. In 2008 he ran for president as a democrat and won. He is set to become the 44th president of the Unites States and the first African-American ever elected to that position.
Obama attended Columbia University, but found New York's racial tension inescapable. He became a community organizer for a small Chicago church-based group for three years, helping poor South Side residents cope with a wave of plant closings. He then attended Harvard Law School, and in 1990 became the first African-American editor of the Harvard Law Review. He turned down a prestigious judicial clerkship, choosing instead to practice civil-rights law back in Chicago, representing victims of housing and employment discrimination and working on voting-rights legislation. He also began teaching at the University of Chicago Law School. Eventually he ran as a Democrat for the state senate seat from his district, which included both Hyde Park and some of the poorest ghettos on the South Side, and won.
In 2004 Obama was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Democrat, representing Illinois, and gained national attention by giving a rousing and well-received keynote speech at the Democratic National Convention in Boston. In 2008 he ran for president as a democrat and won. He is set to become the 44th president of the Unites States and the first African-American ever elected to that position.
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Obama's kenyan grandma speaks
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Obama Grandmother
アップロード日: 2008/03/21
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Obama and Odinga Campaign in Kenya
アップロード日: 2008/10/10
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http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A2%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AE%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC
ジャラモギ・オギンガ・オディンガ
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Obama Grandmother
アップロード日: 2008/03/21
ObamaGrandmama.com - Barack Obama and his grandmother. See both grandmas and check out ObamaGrandmama.com.
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Obama and Odinga Campaign in Kenya
アップロード日: 2008/10/10
Obama and Odinga Campaign in Kenya before Election
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http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A2%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AE%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC
ジャラモギ・オギンガ・オディンガ
ジャラモギ・オギンガ・オディンガ（Jaramogi Oginga Odinga、1911年 - 1994年1月20日）は、ケニアの政治家。ルオ人。ケニア共和国初代副大統領。独立運動に携わり、独立後は一貫して野党指導者として活動を続けた。ライラ・オディンガ現ケニア首相は息子である。
オディンガはニャンザ州のボンドに生まれ、1940年にはマケレレ大学を卒業。高校教師となったが、ジョモ・ケニヤッタやトム・ムボヤとともに独立運動に参加し、1960年のケニア・アフリカ民族同盟の結党時には副総裁に就任、1964年の独立時には副大統領となった。しかし、白人入植者の土地分配政策を巡ってケニヤッタ大統領と対立し、1966年脱党してケニア人民同盟を結党。しかし弾圧を受け、1969年の一党制施行によってケニア人民同盟は非合法化され、オディンガも逮捕された。1982年、ダニエル・アラップ・モイ大統領によって再び逮捕された。1990年、オディンガは非合法野党として民主主義回復フォーラム（FORD）を結成、反体制運動を続けた。オディンガは同じルオ人であるトム・ムボヤとともにルオ人の人気を二分する存在であり、1969年のムボヤ暗殺後はルオ人の圧倒的支持を受けた。
1992年、ケニアに複数政党制が導入されると野党の長老政治家として再び政界に復帰したものの、民主回復フォーラムは路線対立からオディンガ派の民主主義回復フォーラム・ケニア（FORD・ケニア）党とケネス・マティバ派の民主主義回復フォーラム・アシリ（FORD・アシリ）党とに分裂し、選挙では与党の勝利を許した。それでもFORD・ケニア党は野党第1党となった。1994年1月20日に死亡した。
オディンガはニャンザ州のボンドに生まれ、1940年にはマケレレ大学を卒業。高校教師となったが、ジョモ・ケニヤッタやトム・ムボヤとともに独立運動に参加し、1960年のケニア・アフリカ民族同盟の結党時には副総裁に就任、1964年の独立時には副大統領となった。しかし、白人入植者の土地分配政策を巡ってケニヤッタ大統領と対立し、1966年脱党してケニア人民同盟を結党。しかし弾圧を受け、1969年の一党制施行によってケニア人民同盟は非合法化され、オディンガも逮捕された。1982年、ダニエル・アラップ・モイ大統領によって再び逮捕された。1990年、オディンガは非合法野党として民主主義回復フォーラム（FORD）を結成、反体制運動を続けた。オディンガは同じルオ人であるトム・ムボヤとともにルオ人の人気を二分する存在であり、1969年のムボヤ暗殺後はルオ人の圧倒的支持を受けた。
1992年、ケニアに複数政党制が導入されると野党の長老政治家として再び政界に復帰したものの、民主回復フォーラムは路線対立からオディンガ派の民主主義回復フォーラム・ケニア（FORD・ケニア）党とケネス・マティバ派の民主主義回復フォーラム・アシリ（FORD・アシリ）党とに分裂し、選挙では与党の勝利を許した。それでもFORD・ケニア党は野党第1党となった。1994年1月20日に死亡した。
最終更新 2012年11月1日
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http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC
ライラ・オディンガ
ライラ・アモロ・オディンガ（Raila Amolo Odinga、1945年1月7日 - ） は、ケニア共和国の政治家。現在、同国首相（第2代）。1992年より国会議員。エネルギー大臣（2001-2002年）、道路公共事業住宅大臣（2003-2005年）などを歴任。
略歴
1965年、Technical University, Magdeburg（現在のOtto von Guericke University of Magdeburgの一部、東ドイツ）に奨学生留学。
1970年、機械工学位取得
1971 - 1974年、ナイロビ大学講師
2007年ケニア大統領選挙に出馬。 2007年9月1日、オレンジ民主運動（ODM）の立候補者に選出。
12月30日、ケニア選挙委員会はキバキの勝利を発表したが、オディンガは選挙委員会に不正があると訴え、再集計を要求。ナイロビやスラムの貧困層支持者を中心に、選挙結果への反発暴動が起こる（ケニア危機）。コフィ・アナン前国連事務総長らの仲介によりキバキとの連立政権樹立で合意し危機は収拾。
合意に基づき2008年4月17日に首相就任。
家族
父：ジャラモギ・オギンガ・オディンガJaramogi Oginga Odinga、ケニア共和国初代副大統領
兄：Oburu Odinga、国会議員
妻：Ida Odinga (誕生名： Ida Anyango Oyoo)
子供（4名：息子2名、娘2名） 長男：Fidel：フィデル・カストロに因んで名付けられた。[1]
末子：Winnie：ウィニー・マンデラ（元ネルソン・マンデラ夫人）に因んで名付けられた。[1]
最終更新 2013年3月22日 (金)
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http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95
オレンジ民主運動（Orange Democratic Movement、略称:ODM）は、ケニアの政党。
オレンジ民主運動は、2005年の憲法改正に関する国民投票 Kenyan constitutional referendum, 2005の際、生まれた草の根の市民運動から発展し結成された。2007年8月、ケニア・オレンジ民主運動党（通常、単にODMとして知られる）とオレンジ民主運動・ケニア（ODM-Kenya）の2つの政党に分裂した。 「オレンジ」の名称は、国民投票における賛成票のイラストがバナナ、反対票がオレンジで表されたことに由来する。オレンジ民主運動は、国民投票反対派が結集し結成された。 オレンジ民主運動の最初の中心はウフル・ケニヤッタ（ジョモ・ケニヤッタ初代大統領の息子）のケニア・アフリカ民族同盟（KANU）とライラ・オディンガの自由民主党（LDP）であったが、KANUはオレンジ民主運動から離れ、ライラ・オディンガのODMとカロンゾ・ムショカのODM–Kenyaが中心となった。
外部リンク
オレンジ民主運動公式ホームページ
ODM–Kenya - old website not updated after ODM-Kenya party split into two
ODM 2007 Manifesto
ODM 2007 Parliamentary Candidates
Raila Odinga
最終更新 2010年11月15日 (月) 03:46
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http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%90%E3%82%AD
ムワイ・キバキ
ムワイ・エミリオ・スタンリー・キバキ（Mwai Emilio Stanley[1]Kibaki, 1931年11月15日 - ）は、ケニア共和国第3代大統領（任期 :2002年 -2012年（予定） ）。国家統一党 (Party of National Unity) 党首。中央州ニエリ出身。元副大統領 (1978年 - 1988年) で閣僚も経験している[2]。洗礼名はイタリアの宣教師に因んだものだが略される場合も多い。
1963年の独立以来初めてケニア・アフリカ民族同盟 (KANU) から政権を奪取した、同国における歴史的人物である。モイ政権の非民主的な状況は、彼の政権の成立によって大きく改善され、言論政治の自由や民主化が進展したことは特筆すべきである。
ただし、その後の彼の連合政治組織への裏切りやキクユ人の友人を中心とした優遇策は、彼と連合を組んだ政治家の多くから批判され、国民の反発も呼んだ。そして、憲法改正問題や2007年の大統領選挙の結果をめぐる彼の側が選挙不正を行ったという疑惑は、2007-8年の国内の政治紛争を招いた。しかし、2008年の2月にアナンの仲介によってライバルのオレンジ民主運動のライラ・オディンガと和解・連立政権を組み、大統領第二期目として今日に至っている。汚職撲滅への意欲は熱心。今のところ2012年の総選挙時に任期により退任することとなっている。
経歴
1978年 - 1988年 副大統領
1978年 - 1981年 財務大臣
1982年 - 1988年 内務大臣
1988年 - 1991年 厚生大臣
2002年12月27日 ケニヤッタ初代大統領の息子ウフル・ケニヤッタをやぶり大統領に当選。
2002年12月30日 ケニア共和国大統領就任。
2007年12月 ケニア共和国大統領に当選と宣言（選挙不正と就任への反対運動発生）
2008年 2月末 ケニア共和国大統領として反対派と連立政権を組んだ。
最終更新 2013年3月10日 (日)
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http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/hist/1960.htm
| 'KANU calls upon Kenyans to look back into our history and recall that our party was born at a time of extreme political crisis and that it has since led this country steadfastly even at times of grave national anxiety. We have therefore been tested and proven dependable.'
President Daniel Moi
Kenya and KANU President 1978-Present 1960: After the First Lancaster House Constitutional Conference the ban on nationwide African political parties was lifted. A leaders' conference was proposed for the March 27, 1960 at Kiambu. Ten of the African elected members signed a statement proposing the formation of the "Uhuru" Party of Kenya. The leaders' conference was attended by a majority of the members and delegates from thirty African political organizations, but primarily members and leaders of the Kenya Independence Movement and the old KAU. After some deliberations, they decided to form the Kenya African National Union (KANU). A committee comprising among others, Ronald Ngala, Dr. Gikonyo Kiano, Oginga Odinga, Argwings Kodhek, Tom Mboya with James Gichuru as chairman and Dr. Njoroge Mungai as Secretary, was appointed to draft KANU's constitution. A meeting to elect national officials was held on May, 14 1960 in Kiambu. Gichuru was confirmed as Acting President, Oginga Odinga was elected Vice-president, Mboya -Secretary-General, and Arthur Ochwanda-Deputy Secretary General. Ronald Ngala and Daniel Arap Moi were elected in absentia as Treasurer and Deputy Treasurer, respectively. KANU was registered as a political society on June 11, 1960. However, the Kiambu Conference and the formation of KANU did not command the full support of all African leaders. At about the same time in 1960 that KANU was formed, other political organizations were formed that represented the smaller tribes. These were Muliro's Kenya African People's Party, the Kalenjin Political Alliance led by Daniel Arap Moi and Taaita Towett, the Maasai United Front led by J. Ole Tips, the Cost African People's Party headed by Ronald Ngala, and the Somali National Association. A network of alliances between these organizations, which felt their interest to be threatened, began to solidify into an opposition against KANU. At a meeting of these organizations' leaders in Ngong on June 25, 1960, the Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU) was formed, headed by Ronald Ngala. The new party was the culmination of the leaders' endeavors to eventually form a government of national unity. The first meeting towards establishing the Kenya African National Union (KANU) was held in Kiambu on March 27, 1960. At the meeting a committee was formed to draft the first KANU. The committee included:
1961-1963: The first multi-party election in Kenya in 1961 was primarily a contest between KANU and KADU and that KANU won by a landslide. KANU however chose not to form the first African government insisting that Jomo Kenyatta be released from prison first. Under Ronald Ngala as Prime Minister, KADU formed the first government. The release of Jomo Kenyatta from prison toward the end of 1961 secured KANU's role in Kenya's political development. He was included in the KANU delegation to the Second Lancaster House Constitutional Conference for Kenyan 1962. The KADU government with electoral and parliamentary minority support remained in power until June 1 1963 Jomo Kenyatta formed the first internal-self government. With him as prime minister, the government was: --To maintain the proper historical context, all the brief biographies are up to 1963, when the first Independent cabinet was formed. |
Jomo Kenyatta - Prime Minister
Born around 1890 in a small village in Central Kenya and educated at a Church of Scotland Mission near Nairobi. Mr. Kenyatta entered politics at an early age and in 1929, left for England as leader of a delegation making representations to the Colonial Office about land grievances. During his 15 years overseas he studied at the London School of Economics and formed contacts with many other African Politicians who became world figures.
On his return to Kenya he became president of the Kenya African Union. At the beginning of the Emergency, he and other leading nationalists were arrested and detained. Nine years later, he was freed from all restrictions to become president of KANU. After the elections in 1963, when KANU were victorious, he was sworn in as Kenya's first Prime Minister.
Jaramogi Oginga Odinga
Home Affairs
Born 1911. Educated at Maseno, Alliance High School. Makerere College. After a brief teaching career, founded the Luo Thrift and Trading Corporation. Mr. Odinga was a member of the Nyanza African District and the Sakwa location advisory councils from 1947 to 1949. Elected to the Legislative Council for Nyanza Central in 1957. Mr. Odinga by 1963, had been Vice-President of KANU since 1960.
Thomas J. Mboya
Justice and Constitutional Affairs
Born in 1930, Mr. Mboya was educated at Kabaa and Yala and completed his schooling a Mangu. After a brief period of employment with the Nairobi City Council he became secretary of the Kenya Local Government Workers Union and in 1953. General Secretary of the Kenya Federation of Labour. He was Minister of Labour in 1962. Elected to the House of Representatives for Nairobi Central in 1963. Mr. Mboya by 1963 has been Secretary General of KANU since 1960.
When Jomo Kenyatta formed the first internal self-government on June 1, 1963, he embarked on a crusade to convince all opposition party members to join KANU. He believed that,
'Our salvation lies in Unity. If you fight as one, our country will be free. All of us will be able to contribute to nation-building'.This effort was intensified after full independence was won on December 12, 1963. He got his Vice-President, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, to campaign for the end of opposition parties and opposition policies. Odinga argued that the absorption of KADU into KANU would strengthen the party, and
"most important, would end disunity and tensions among the people so that our united national energies could be harnessed in the building of the country"
©2001 State House, Nairobi and Science and Engineering Research Center
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False Publicity Information ???????
a false alarm ：
【Barack Obama in Kenya supporting Raila Odinga and Violence 】：???????
アップロード日: 2008/10/15
Barack Obama in Kenya supporting Raila Odinga and Violence
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Obama And Odinga Exposed
アップロード日: 2008/10/13
Obama And Odinga Exposed. Obama backs radical muslim Kenyan politician who causes genocide.
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News: Raila Odinga to challenge Uhuru Election in Court
公開日: 2013/03/09
Raila Odinga to challenge Uhuru Election in Court
Watch KTN Streaming LIVE from Kenya 24/7 on http://www.ktnkenya.tv
Watch KTN Streaming LIVE from Kenya 24/7 on http://www.ktnkenya.tv
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William Ruto and Uhuru Kenyatta Victory Speeches
公開日: 2013/03/09
William Ruto and Uhuru Kenyatta Victory Speeches
Watch KTN Streaming LIVE from Kenya 24/7 on http://www.ktnkenya.tv
Watch KTN Streaming LIVE from Kenya 24/7 on http://www.ktnkenya.tv
Raila Odinga on Churchill live 1
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Raila Odinga on Churchill live 2
アップロード日: 2011/06/13
Raila Odinga on Churchill live continued....
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Kenyans await Odinga's next move
公開日: 2013/03/09
Provisional results show Uhuru Kenyatta has won just more than half of the votes, enough to avoid a run-off. Kenyans want to know whether the narrow win will unite the country and finally bring peace. But Raila Odinga's aides have told Al Jazeera he will appeal against the result in court and his supporters are waiting for him to publicly confirm this.He will have to provide solid evidence that there was rigging because the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) is standing by the result.
Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri reports from Nairobi.
Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri reports from Nairobi.
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https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzSjQ-27qnDmtHl9wAlBaOw