On 24 March, 1989 an oil tanker ran aground in the pristine waters of Prince William Sound in the Gulf of Alaska, dumping 11 million gallons of crude oil. The spillage affected 11,000 square miles of sea, killing thousands of marine mammals and sea birds, and had a devastating impact across the 1,300-mile of shoreline. Twenty-five years on it remains one of the worst environmental disasters of all time
Clouds hover over snowy peaks near Prince Willam Sound, Valdez, Alaska. Twenty-five years after the Exxon Valdez supertanker split open on a submerged reef and spilled 11 millions gallons of crude oil on 24 March, 1989, legal fights continue. Experts thought the crude would be gone by 1995 but oil still clings to rocks on once-pristine beaches. Photograph: David McNew/Getty Images
Staining the vista of the Chugach Mountains, the Exxon Valdez lies atop Bligh Reef two days after the grounding, in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Southbound from the trans-Alaska pipeline terminal at Valdez, the ship had met disaster after 28 miles, outside normal shipping lanes, with the captain absent from the bridge. Photograph: Natalie B Fobes/NG/Getty Images
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration nautical chart of Prince William Sound showing clearly the entry and exit routes. On the top-right is Valdez port, from where the tanker left, but instead of sticking to the exit route, it entered the entry route – the wrong shipping lane – and ran aground on shallow waters on Bligh Reef, near Bligh Island (middle bottom). Photograph: NOAA
An aerial photograph showing Valdez, harbour, and Alyeska terminal, Prince William Sound. Valdez town is on right, in background of airport. Trans Alaska pipeline and Valdez port are on the left. Photograph: Arlis
Oily rocks glisten in the sun on Green lsland, Prince William Sound. This section of beach was signed off as being environmentally stable by both Exxon and the US Coast Guard, but got re-oiled in July, 1989. Photograph: Arlis
Rocks on an island in Prince William Sound still carried traces of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, 10 years after the incident in 1998. Photograph: Karen Kasmauski/Corbis
0 件のコメント:
コメントを投稿