☆Ise-no-Kamikaze☆☆Move The Wind for The Justice☆: Gynostemma pentaphyllum アマチャヅル

2013年6月8日土曜日

Gynostemma pentaphyllum アマチャヅル

Gynostemma pentaphyllum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynostemma_pentaphyllum

Gynostemma pentaphyllum, also called jiaogulan (Chinese: 绞股蓝; pinyin: jiǎogǔlán, literally "twisting-vine orchid"^[1]) is a dioecious, herbaceous climbing vine of the family Cucurbitaceae (cucumber or gourd family) indigenous to the southern reaches of China, northern Vietnam, southern Korea, and Japan. Jiaogulan is best known as an herbal medicine reputed to have powerful antioxidant and adaptogenic effects purported to increase longevity. Pharmacological research has indicated a number of therapeutic qualities of Jiaogulan, such as lowering cholesterol and high blood pressure, strengthening immunity, and inhibiting cancer growth.

Description
Jiaogulan belongs to the genus Gynostemma, in the family Cucurbitaceae, which includes cucumbers, gourds, and melons, although it lacks the characteristic fruit. It is a climbing vine, attaching itself to supports using tendrils. The serrated leaves commonly grow in groups of five (as in G. pentaphyllum) although some species can have groups of three or seven leaves. The plant is dioecious, meaning each plant exists either as male or female. Therefore, if seeds are desired, both a male and female plant must be grown.

Taxonomy
Gynostemma pentaphyllum is known as Jiaogulan (Chinese: 绞股蓝 "twisting-vine-orchid"^[1]) in China. The plant was first described in 1406 CE by Zhu Xiao, who presented a description and sketch in the book Materia Medica for Famine as a survival food rather than a medicinal herb.^[2] The earliest record of jiaogulan's use as a drug comes from herbalist Li Shi-Zhen's book Compendium of Meteria Medica published in 1578, identifying jiaogulan for treating various ailments such as hematuria, edema in the pharynx and neck, tumors, and trauma. While Li Shi-Zhen had confused jiaogulan with an analogous herb Wulianmei, in 1848 Wu Qi-Jun rectified this confusion in Textual Investigation of Herbal Plants, which also added more information on medicinal usage.^[3]
Modern recognition of the plant outside of China originated from research in sugar substitutes. In the 1970s, while analyzing the sweet component of the jiaogulan plant (known as amachazuru in Japan), Dr. Masahiro Nagai discovered chemical compounds identical to some of those found in Panax ginseng, an unrelated plant.^[4] Afterward, Dr. Tsunematsu Takemoto discovered that jiaogulan contains four saponins identical to those in Panax ginseng as well as seventeen other similar saponins. Over the next decade 82 saponins (gypenosides) were identified in jiaogulan, compared to the 28 (ginsenosides) found in Panax ginseng.

Distribution and habitat
Over thirty species of Gynostemma are known to grow throughout China, predominantly in the Southwest, although most species exist in at least one other country. The species G. pentaphyllum has the widest distribution outside of China, ranging from India to Southeast Asia to Japan and Korea.
Jiaogulan is a vine hardy to USDA zone 8 in which it may grow as a short lived perennial plant. It can be grown as an annual in most temperate climates, in well-drained soil with full sun. It does not grow well in cold climates with temperatures below freezing.

Toxicity
The Cucurbitaceae (cucumber) family of plants typically contain Cucurbitacin compounds, which are responsible for the bitter taste in some edible plants of this family but are highly toxic to mammals.^[5] Jiaogulan, however, does not show toxicity.^[6]^[7]

Use in ethnomedicine
The plant is best known for its use as an herbal medicine. Jiaogulan is most often consumed as a tisane (herbal tea), and is also available as an alcohol extract and in capsule or pill form.^[8] It has not seen widespread use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) because it grows far from central China where TCM evolved; consequently, it was not included in the standard pharmacopoeia of the TCM system. Until recently it was a locally-known herb used primarily in mountainous regions of southern China and in northern Vietnam. It is described by the local inhabitants as the "immortality herb", because people within Guizhou Province, where jiaogulan tisanes are consumed regularly, are said to have a history of unusual longevity.^[9]^[10]

Antioxidant
Jiaogulan has been found to increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is a powerful endogenous cellular antioxidant. Studies have found it increases the activities of macrophages, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells and that it acts as a tumor inhibitor.^[11]

Adaptogen
Jiaogulan is known as an adaptogen, which is an herb reputed to help the body to maintain optimal homeostasis.^[12] Its chemical constituents include the triterpenoid saponins gypenosides which are closely structurally related to the ginsenosides which are present in ginseng.^[13] Most research has been done since the 1960s when the Chinese realized that it might be an inexpensive source of adaptogenic compounds, removing pressure from the ginseng stock. Adaptogenic effects include regulating blood pressure and the immune system, improving stamina and endurance.^[14] Jiaogulan is also believed to be useful in combination with codonopsis for jet lag and altitude sickness.^[10]

Blood pressure
The adaptogenic nature of gypenosides have been found to keep blood pressure in a normal range. In vitro studies indicate that jiaogulan stimulates the release of nitric oxide in isolated heart cells; this is one proposed mechanism by which jiaogulan reduces high blood pressure.^[15] In a double-blind study, gypenosides administered to those with Grade II hypertension showed 82% effectiveness in reducing hypertension, compared to 46% for ginseng and 93% for indapamide (a hypertension medication).^[16]

Cardiovascular functions
Animal studies as well as clinical testing on humans suggest that jiaogulan, when combined with other herbs, has beneficial effects on cardiovascular system, increasing heart stroke volume, coronary flow, and cardiac output while reducing the heart rate, without affecting arterial pressure.^[17]^[18]

Cholesterol reduction
Numerous clinical studies in Chinese medical literature have shown that jiagolan lowers serum cholesterol,^[19] triglycerides, and LDL (the "bad" cholesterol) while raising HDL ("good" cholesterol) levels, with reported effectiveness rates ranging from 67% to 93% on over 980 patients with hyperlipemia.^[20]

Diabetes
Gynostemma pentaphyllum tea has been studied in a randomized controlled trial in type 2 diabetic patients.^[21] It may have potential as a hypoglycemic treatment to reduce blood glucose.^[22]

External links
Gynostemma at Drug Digest
History of Jiaogulan

This page was last modified on 2 May 2013 at 22:46.

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Jiaogulan aus dem eigenen Garten-nicht nur für Krebsbetroffene!

http://youtu.be/rDIK1Xetx-I

アップロード日: 2011/01/02

Jiaogulan stärkt das Immunsystem und wächst vital und gesund in jedem Gartenboden. Jiaogulan ist winterhart bis - 18°C, Jiaogulan lässt sich vielfach in der Küche verwenden. Jiaogulan ist eine wertvolle Heilpflanze der TMC.

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Jiaogulan in vietnam ( internationalHerbFarm Co,Ltd .)

http://youtu.be/wNxGVU-nLyU

アップロード日: 2011/01/03

Growing Jiaogulan in lamdong viet nam
International herb farm
Mail : anhtrile@gmail.com

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アマチャヅル

http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%85%E3%83%AB

アマチャヅル（甘茶蔓）とは、ウリ科アマチャヅル属に属するツル性の植物である。

概要

日本、中国、東南アジアに自生し、雌雄異株の植物。葉は通常5枚の小葉に分かれ、3枚から7枚に分かれることもあり、葉には毛と凹凸がある。見かけはヤブガラシに似るが色（ヤブガラシは茎が赤味がかる）が異なり柔らかい。開花期は8月から9月で星状の小さな花が咲き、実は7ミリ程度の丸い実がなる。中国などでは古くから薬草として葉が使用されてきた。日本では「アマチャヅル茶」として飲用され、一時ブームになった^[1]。

最終更新 2013年6月1日 (土) 08:58

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参考リンク：

和歌山　橘光園のフル... >

http://store.shopping.yahoo.co.jp/e-hanafusa/amachatea-200.html

橘光園のアマチャヅル茶

アマチャヅルの収穫は、秋、柿の収穫が終わってからです。
柿畑の柿の木の下に植えられているからです。
アマチャヅルには農薬は散布しませんが、柿は無農薬栽培ではありませんので、柿に散布した農薬が少しかかっています。

刈り取ったアマチャヅルは２～３日陰干しいたします。
陰干ししたアマチャヅルを機械で裁断して
さらに機械で乾燥させます。

橘光園の平井さんがアマチャヅルの乾燥状況をチェックしています。

橘光園のアマチャヅル茶　200g入り

商品コード：amachatea-200

【低農薬】
【産直和歌山県】
◆徳島文理大学薬学部竹本教授が日本生薬学会でアマチャヅルには朝鮮人参と同様の有効成分　サポニンが含まれることを発表して脚光を浴びる様になりました。
◆橘光園のアマチャヅル茶は甜茶（てんちゃ）の様な甘さがあります。
◆写真はアマチャヅル茶の新茶です！
通常はもう少し茶色っぽくなります。
◆内容料　200g
【飲み方のヒント】
青臭く感じられる場合はフライパンで炒ってほうじ茶にすれば香ばしくて
飲みやすくなります。
■メール便不可■
こちらの商品はメール便ではお届けできませんのでご了解ください。

価格：1,785円（税込）

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送料・手数料について

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参考リンク：

ヤブガラシ(ブドウ科)

http://www.fukuoka-edu.ac.jp/~fukuhara/keitai/yabugarashi.html