Donald Sadoway: The missing link to renewable energy
公開日: 2012/03/26
http://www.ted.com What's the key to using alternative energy, like solar and wind? Storage -- so we can have power on tap even when the sun's not out and the wind's not blowing. In this accessible, inspiring talk, Donald Sadoway takes to the blackboard to show us the future of large-scale batteries that store renewable energy. As he says: "We need to think about the problem differently. We need to think big. We need to think cheap."
TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, Bill Gates on malaria and mosquitoes, Pattie Maes on the "Sixth Sense" wearable tech, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Closed captions and translated subtitles in a variety of languages are now available on TED.com, at
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http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/materials-science-and-engineering/3-091sc-introduction-to-solid-state-chemistry-fall-2010/structure-of-the-atom/1-introduction-to-solid-state-chemistry/
1. Introduction to Solid State Chemistry
Session Overview
| Modules | Structure of the Atom |
| Concepts | origins of modern chemistry, taxonomy of chemical species, introduction to the periodic table, evolution of atomic theory |
| Keywords | matter, element, compound, mixture, solution, metal, semimetal, nonmetal, mole, symbol, molecular mass, substance, homogeneous mixture, heterogeneous mixture, periodic table of elements, Democritus, Aristotle, John Dalton, triads, octaves, Johann Dobereiner, John Newlands, Dmitri Mendeleev, Julius Meyer |
| Chemical Substances | none |
| Applications | energy generation and storage (e.g. batteries) |
Lecture Video
Prerequisites
Before starting this session, you should be familiar with:
•Basic principles of high school chemistry
•Fundamental concepts of the structure of the atom
Looking Ahead
Prof. Sadoway discusses the periodic table in more detail (
Session 2). He explores the relationship between electronic structure, chemical bonding, and crystal structure (
Session 4).
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you should be able to:
•Classify a substance as an element or a compound.
•Understand the developmental history of the periodic table of elements.
•Identify the symbols and number of electrons for an element.
•Classify an element as a metal, semimetal or a nonmetal.
•Explain which sets of elements are in the same period.
•Calculate the molecular mass of a compound.
•Calculate the number of moles in a substance.
•Define a homogenous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture.
Reading
| Book Chapters | Topics |
|---|
| [A&E] 1, "Introduction to Chemistry." | Chemistry in the modern world; the scientific method; a description of matter; a brief history of chemistry; the atom; introduction to the periodic table; essential elements |
Resources
Lecture Slides (PDF - 3.2MB)
Periodic Table and Table of Constants
Transcript (PDF)
Lecture Summary
This lecture is an introduction to the class.
Professor Sadoway begins with important information about the
course objectives,
organization, and
expectations, and proceeds to introduce the subject of solid state chemistry. 3.091 integrates thorough coverage of the
principles of chemistry with various
applications to engineering systems. The thesis of 3.091 is that
electronic structure holds the key to understanding the world around us.
The lecture continues with a survey of the historical foundations of chemistry:
•The origins of chemistry in ancient Egypt and Greece
•The development of increasingly refined classification schemes (taxonomy and nomenclature) throughout the 18th and 19th centuries
•The evolution of atomic theory
•The origins and development of the periodic table of elements
Homework
Problems (PDF)
Solutions (PDF)
Textbook Problems
| [A&E] Sections | Conceptual | Numerical |
|---|
| [A&E] 1.3, "A Description of Matter." | 6, 7, 9, 10 | none |
| [A&E] 1.4, "A Brief History of Chemistry." | 6 | none |
| [A&E] 1.5, "The Atom." | none | 1 |
| [A&E] 1.6, "Isotopes and Atomic Masses." | 1 | none |
| [A&E] 1.7, "Introduction to the Periodic Table." | 1, 4, 6, 10, 11 | none |
| [A&E] 3.1, "The Mole and Molar Masses." | none | 3, 8, 16, 17 |
For Further Study
Textbook Study Materials
See the [A&E] companion website from Pearson for PowerPoint outlines of each chapter, plus online quizzes, interactive graphs and 3D molecular animations:
Chapter 1
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2. The Periodic Table
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/materials-science-and-engineering/3-091sc-introduction-to-solid-state-chemistry-fall-2010/structure-of-the-atom/2-periodic-table/
Lecture Video
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