テロリズムの撲滅や世界の憎悪状態の関係の打開・払拭を目指して
暴力的な利害的衝突やテロリズムに対する闘争において、傍観せずに、誰もが市民として、参加できる国際的なコムニュケーョンを形成するための平和的な装置や舞台を形成・創生し、国際的な平和創生のための道筋や理念を育てる必要がある。
日本の進むべき道は、世界の人々に対して、平和な社会を創生するための意志を鮮明に掲げ、多様性の民族が協力し、市民的な協調や相互理解の増進ができるような文化の創生を目指し、国際的な公正・正義に係る理念を究明し、探求すべきである。
そのような理念を共有するための機能を日本社会が進んで、整備し、創設し、世界の人々が、日本で、研鑽できるような環境を整備すべきである。
日本が平和創生のために重要な役割を果たそうと努力してることが理解されるならば、世界の人々から支持され、期待され、日本の役割は、拡大されるはずである。
そのような努力を、切磋琢磨で、国際的な協力で、積み上げてこそ、多様性のある民族間において、共有されるべき世界感が生み出されてくるはずである。
国際協力において、今までのように、資金的な援助を日本政府機関が単純に決定して提供する方法に、上記の役割を持たせて、外交政策の主導的な役割や権益を政府の行政（外務省）の役人に任せるだけでなく、日本の外交政策に民間の市民の参加が可能な環境を創設すれば、実現の可能性が生まれてくるであろう。
追記１：
そのような課題に絡む提示案件として、アメリカのオバマ氏は、すでに、安部首相に世界の貧困問題に関する協議を提案し公表している。
追記２：
日本の防衛省防衛施設庁自衛隊を解体して、災害復旧等の国際協力平和部隊を創設すべきである。
追記３：
第二次世界対戦での日本の敗戦において、米国英国フランスロシア中国等の戦勝連合国に対して、日本国政府は、戦争に絡む武装軍隊を永久的に放棄することを国際的に宣言している。
日米間でのサンフランシスコ条約の締結等で、日本の国際的な軍事活動は制限された歴史から出発している。
戦争放棄：
日本国憲法第9条
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC9%E6%9D%A1
日本国憲法 第9条（にっぽんこくけんぽうだい9じょう）は日本国憲法の条文の一つで、憲法前文とともに三大原則の1つである平和主義を規定しており、この条文だけで憲法の第2章（章名「戦争の放棄」）を構成する。この条文は、憲法第9条第1項の内容である「戦争の放棄」、憲法第9条第2項前段の内容である「戦力の不保持」、憲法第9条第2項後段の内容である「交戦権の否認」の3つの規範的要素から構成されている[1]。日本国憲法を「平和憲法」と呼ぶのは憲法前文の記述およびこの第9条の存在に由来している。
1928年（昭和3年）に締結された戦争放棄に関する条約、いわゆるパリ不戦条約の第1条と、日本国憲法第9条第1項は文言が類似しているが、これをどのように捉えるかは本条の解釈において問題となる。この条文の政府見解によれば、自衛隊は憲法第9条第2項にいう「戦力」にはあたらない組織とされている[注釈 1]。
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参考：
http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/soft-power-and-the-struggle-against-terrorism
転載：
Monday, February 4, 2013
Joseph S. Nye
Joseph S. Nye, a former US assistant secretary of defense and chairman of the US National Intelligence Council, is University Professor at Harvard University. His most recent book is The Future …
Full profile | Subscribe to new articles by Joseph S. Nye
Soft Power and the Struggle Against Terrorism
Read more at http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/soft-power-and-the-struggle-against-terrorism#fQdsuTJG4fSS7vAv.99
Last year, at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, George Carey, the former Archbishop of Canterbury, asked Secretary of State Colin Powell why the United States seemed to focus only on its hard power rather than its soft power. Secretary Powell replied that the US had used hard power to win World War II, but he continued: "What followed immediately after hard power? Did the US ask for dominion over a single nation in Europe? No. Soft power came in the Marshall Plan¼.We did the same thing in Japan."
After the war in Iraq ended, I spoke about soft power (a concept I developed) to a conference co-sponsored by the US Army in Washington. One speaker was Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. According to a press account, "the top military brass listened sympathetically," but when someone asked Rumsfeld for his opinion on soft power, he replied, "I don't know what it means."
One of Rumsfeld's "rules" is that "weakness is provocative." He is correct, up to a point. As Osama bin Laden observed, people like a strong horse. But power, defined as the ability to influence others, comes in many guises, and soft power is not weakness. On the contrary, it is the failure to use soft power effectively that weakens America in the struggle against terrorism.
Soft power is the ability to get what one wants by attracting others rather than threatening or paying them. It is based on culture, political ideals, and policies. When you persuade others to want what you want, you do not have to spend as much on sticks and carrots to move them in your direction.
Hard power, which relies on coercion, grows out of military and economic might. It remains crucial in a world populated by threatening states and terrorist organizations. But soft power will become increasingly important in preventing terrorists from recruiting new supporters, and for obtaining the international cooperation necessary for countering terrorism.
The US is more powerful than any country since the Roman Empire, but like Rome, America is neither invincible nor invulnerable. Rome did not succumb to the rise of another empire, but to the onslaught of waves of barbarians. Modern high-tech terrorists are the new barbarians. The US cannot alone hunt down every suspected Al Qaeda leader. Nor can it launch a war whenever it wishes without alienating other countries.
The four-week war in Iraq was a dazzling display of America's hard military power that removed a vicious tyrant. But it did not remove America's vulnerability to terrorism. It was also costly in terms of our soft power to attract others.
In the aftermath of the war, polls showed a dramatic decline in the popularity of the US even in countries like Britain, Spain, and Italy, whose governments supported the war. America's standing plummeted in Islamic countries, whose support is needed to help track the flow of terrorists, tainted money, and dangerous weapons.
The war on terrorism is not a clash of civilizations - Islam versus the West - but a civil war within Islamic civilization between extremists who use violence to enforce their vision and a moderate majority who want things like jobs, education, health care, and dignity as they pursue their faith. America will not win unless the moderates win.
American soft power will never attract Osama bin Laden and the extremists. Only hard power can deal with them. But soft power will play a crucial role in attracting moderates and denying the extremists new recruits.
During the Cold War, the West's strategy of containment combined the hard power of military deterrence with the soft power of attracting people behind the Iron Curtain. Behind the wall of military containment, the West ate away Soviet self-confidence with broadcasts, student and cultural exchanges, and the success of capitalist economics. As a former KGB official later testified, "Exchanges were a Trojan horse for the Soviet Union. They played a tremendous role in the erosion of the Soviet system." In retirement, President Dwight Eisenhower said that he should have taken money out of the defense budget to strengthen the US Information Agency.
With the Cold War's end, Americans became more interested in budget savings than in investing in soft power. In 2003, a bipartisan advisory group reported that the US was spending only $150 million on public diplomacy in Muslim countries, an amount it called grossly inadequate.
Indeed, the combined cost for the State Department's public diplomacy programs and all of America's international broadcasting is just over $1 billion, about the same amount spent by Britain or France, countries that are one-fifth America's size and whose military budgets are only 25% as large. No one would suggest that America spend as much to launch ideas as to launch bombs, but it does seem odd that the US spends 400 times as much on hard power as on soft power. If the US spent just 1% of the military budget on soft power, it would quadruple its current spending on this key component of the war on terrorism.
If America is to win that war, its leaders are going to have to do better at combining soft and hard power into "smart power."
Reprinting material from this Web site without written consent from Project Syndicate is a violation of international copyright law. To secure permission, please contact us.
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参考：
CSIS COMMISSION ON SMART POWER
A smarter, more secure America
http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/071106_csissmartpowerreport.pdf
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参考：
https://twitter.com/Number10gov
UK Prime Minister @Number10gov
The official twitter channel for Prime Minister David Cameron's office, based at 10 Downing Street. Twitter policy: http://www.number10.gov.uk/number10online/
UK Prime Minister @Number10gov
Prime Minister's meeting with leaders of #Afghanistan and #Pakistan: joint statement issued http://bit.ly/XRYKKm
http://www.number10.gov.uk/news/chequers-summit-joint-statement/
Chequers Summit Joint Statement
Monday 4 February 2013
In third trilateral meeting Prime Minister and leaders of Aghanistan and Pakistan note significant progress since September 2012
On 3-4 February the Prime Minister hosted a Summit at Chequers, attended by President Karzai of Afghanistan and President Zardari of Pakistan. They were joined by Foreign Ministers, Chiefs of Defence Staff, Chiefs of Intelligence, the Afghan National Security Adviser and the Chair of the Afghan High Peace Council. This was the third in a series of trilateral meetings hosted by the Prime Minister in the last year to discuss the Afghan-led peace and reconciliation process and how to strengthen joint efforts to address extremism and advance regional peace and stability.
The three leaders noted significant progress since they last met in September 2012 and stressed the importance of maintaining the pace and momentum. The Afghan and Pakistani delegations agreed that the quality of dialogue and co-operation had significantly improved. They committed themselves to continue to make strenuous efforts in the spirit of mutual interest. Both sides agreed that good neighbourly relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan, that ensured the long term stability of both countries, was of fundamental importance.
The three leaders discussed progress on the Afghan-led peace and reconciliation process. President Karzai and his delegation briefed on the Afghan vision and roadmap for peace and reconciliation. President Zardari reiterated that Pakistan would extend full support to peace and reconciliation in Afghanistan. All sides agreed on the urgency of this work and committed themselves to take all necessary measures to achieve the goal of a peace settlement over the next six months. Both affirmed the importance of regional and international support. President Karzai, President Zardari and the Prime Minister affirmed that they supported the opening of an office in Doha for the purpose of negotiations between the Taliban and the High Peace Council of Afghanistan as part of an Afghan led peace process. The end result should be one in which all Afghans can participate peacefully in the country’s political future. They called on the Taliban to take those steps necessary to open an office and to enter into dialogue.
President Karzai and President Zardari looked forward to a joint conference of Afghan and Pakistani Ulema in early March.
President Karzai and President Zardari agreed arrangements to strengthen co-ordination of Taliban detainee releases from Pakistani custody in support of the peace and reconciliation process.
President Karzai and President Zardari re-affirmed their commitments of 26 September 2012 on a Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA). In addition to the peace process, discussions covered the range of bilateral issues, including the Afghan peace and reconciliation process, economic co-operation, security co-operation, people-to-people links, refugee returns and border management. Both sides stressed that progress on the SPA and peace process would mutually reinforce close co-operation between the two countries. The two sides agreed that negotiations would commence with meetings of Foreign, Interior and Commerce Ministers during February to take forward trade and border management issues. The two sides also agreed to take early steps to resolve the question of refugee returns. The Prime Minister committed the UK to support these efforts.
In this context, the two sides agreed that they wanted to build greater trust and co-operation between their military and security services and agreed concrete steps to deliver this. The Afghan and Pakistani Chiefs of Defence Staff and Intelligence enjoyed fruitful discussions and agreed on new mechanisms for strengthening co-operation.
Crown copyright 2012
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https://twitter.com/Number10gov
The three leaders noted significant progress since they last met in September 2012 and stressed the importance of maintaining the pace and momentum. The Afghan and Pakistani delegations agreed that the quality of dialogue and co-operation had significantly improved. They committed themselves to continue to make strenuous efforts in the spirit of mutual interest. Both sides agreed that good neighbourly relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan, that ensured the long term stability of both countries, was of fundamental importance.
The three leaders discussed progress on the Afghan-led peace and reconciliation process. President Karzai and his delegation briefed on the Afghan vision and roadmap for peace and reconciliation. President Zardari reiterated that Pakistan would extend full support to peace and reconciliation in Afghanistan. All sides agreed on the urgency of this work and committed themselves to take all necessary measures to achieve the goal of a peace settlement over the next six months. Both affirmed the importance of regional and international support. President Karzai, President Zardari and the Prime Minister affirmed that they supported the opening of an office in Doha for the purpose of negotiations between the Taliban and the High Peace Council of Afghanistan as part of an Afghan led peace process. The end result should be one in which all Afghans can participate peacefully in the country’s political future. They called on the Taliban to take those steps necessary to open an office and to enter into dialogue.
President Karzai and President Zardari looked forward to a joint conference of Afghan and Pakistani Ulema in early March.
President Karzai and President Zardari agreed arrangements to strengthen co-ordination of Taliban detainee releases from Pakistani custody in support of the peace and reconciliation process.
President Karzai and President Zardari re-affirmed their commitments of 26 September 2012 on a Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA). In addition to the peace process, discussions covered the range of bilateral issues, including the Afghan peace and reconciliation process, economic co-operation, security co-operation, people-to-people links, refugee returns and border management. Both sides stressed that progress on the SPA and peace process would mutually reinforce close co-operation between the two countries. The two sides agreed that negotiations would commence with meetings of Foreign, Interior and Commerce Ministers during February to take forward trade and border management issues. The two sides also agreed to take early steps to resolve the question of refugee returns. The Prime Minister committed the UK to support these efforts.
In this context, the two sides agreed that they wanted to build greater trust and co-operation between their military and security services and agreed concrete steps to deliver this. The Afghan and Pakistani Chiefs of Defence Staff and Intelligence enjoyed fruitful discussions and agreed on new mechanisms for strengthening co-operation.
Crown copyright 2012
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https://twitter.com/Number10gov
UK Prime Minister @Number10gov
PM to host meeting with #Afghanistan & #Pakistan leaders. Discussions expected to focus on Afghan-led peace process http://ow.ly/hm3VD
Trilateral with Afghanistan and Pakistan leaders
http://www.number10.gov.uk/news/afghanistan-pakistan-trilateral/
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