2014年2月18日火曜日

シーボルト事件と伊能大図彩色図

伊能大図彩色図の閲覧

http://www.gsi.go.jp/MAP/KOTIZU/sisak/ino-main.html

 閲覧できる伊能大図は、国立歴史民俗博物館所蔵(34・35番)及び国立国会図書館(107番)の図を除いた211枚です。
伊能大図の画像は、検索画面から検索方法を選択して閲覧することができます。 画像は基本的に北の方角が上を向いています。
 
(90番「相模・相模野・下總・武蔵・江戸」の一部分)
 
伊能図の説明
伊能忠敬と伊能大図
伊能大図(米国)について
彩色図について
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Philipp Franz von Siebold
Fauna Japonica 1934-1937
Reprint, originally published in Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden], 1833-1850


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Flora Japonica - University of Kyoto

Siebold University of Nagasaki

Siebold Huis - a museum in the house where Siebold lived in Leiden

 The Siebold Museum in Würzburg

Siebold's Nippon, 1897 (in German)

Proceedings of the symposium 'Siebold in the 21st Century' held at the University Museum, the University of Tokyo, in 2003

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日本植物誌 Flora Japonica

http://edb.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/exhibit/b01/b01cont.html

本書はシーボルト(Siebold, Philipp Franz Balthazar von, 1796-1866)が日本において収集した植物標本や、川原慶賀などの日本人絵師が描いた下絵をもとに作成され、1835年から1870年にかけて30分冊として刊行されました。

「日本植物誌 第1巻」表紙へ
第1巻標題紙

使い方

・本書は全2巻から成り、左の[標題紙]をクリックすると表紙から順番に資料を見ることができます。
・第2巻はこちらから
図版番号をクリックすると、該当する図版を表示します。

本文ページをクリックすると、本文中の記載箇所を表示します。

各図版及び本文からこの一覧に戻るには[Table of Contents]をクリックします。

図版一覧について

和名・現在の学名:『シーボルト「フローラ・ヤポニカ」 日本植物誌』(2000年 八坂書房)に従いました。

図版番号:原本の図版番号。

本文ページ:本文の記載箇所のページ。

記載の学名:図版に記載された学名。

参考文献  

   
・[シーボルト著];木村陽二郎, 大場秀章解説『シーボルト「フローラ・ヤポニカ」 日本植物誌』(2000年 八坂書房)
・P.F.B.フォン・シーボルト著;大場秀章監修・解説;瀬倉正克訳『シーボルト 日本の植物』(1996年 八坂書房)
・北村四郎[ほか]解説『シーボルト「フロラヤポニカ」解説』(1976年 講談社)
・木村陽二郎著『シーボルトと日本の植物 : 東西文化交流の源泉』(1981年 恒和出版)
・CALANUS カラヌス特別号1,2『シーボルトと日本の植物学』(1997-1998年 熊本大学理学部附属合津臨海実験所)

Copyright 2001. Kyoto University Library

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ORIGINS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE JAPANESE COLLECTION IN
THE BRITISH LIBRARY

YU-YING BROWN

http://www.bl.uk/eblj/1998articles/pdf/article10.pdf

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Philipp Franz von Siebold

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Franz_von_Siebold

Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold (February 17, 1796 – October 18, 1866) was a German physician, botanist, and traveler. He taught some pupils Western medicine in Japan. He achieved prominence for his study of Japanese flora and fauna, and was the father of female Japanese doctor, Kusumoto Ine.

Born into a family of doctors and professors of medicine in Würzburg (then in the Bishopric of Würzburg), von Siebold initially studied medicine at University of Würzburg from November 1815,[1] where he became a member of the Corps Moenania Würzburg. One of his professors was Franz Xaver Heller (1775–1840), author of the Flora Wirceburgensis ("Flora of the Grand Duchy of Würzburg", 1810–1811).[1] Ignaz Döllinger (1770–1841), his professor of anatomy and physiology, however, most influenced him. Döllinger was one of the first professors to understand and treat medicine as a natural science. Von Siebold stayed with Döllinger, where he came in regular contact with other scientists.[1] He read the books of Alexander von Humboldt, a famous naturalist and explorer, which likely raised his desire to travel to distant lands.[1] Philipp von Siebold became a medical doctor by earning his M.D. in 1820. He initially practiced medicine in Heidingsfeld, Germany (now part of Würzburg).[1]
Invited to Holland by an acquaintance of the family, von Siebold applied for a position as a military physician. This position would enable him to travel to the Dutch colonies.[1] He entered Dutch military service on June 19, 1822. He was appointed ship's physician on the frigate Adriana on the voyage from Rotterdam to Batavia (present-day Jakarta) in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia).[1] On his trip to Batavia on the frigate Adriana, he practiced his knowledge of the Dutch language and rapidly learned Malay, and during the long trip, Von Siebold started a collection of marine fauna.[1] He arrived in Batavia on February 18, 1823.[1]
As an army medical officer, von Siebold posted with an artillery unit. He stayed, however, a couple of weeks at the residence of the governor-general to recover from illness. With his erudition, he impressed the governor-general baron Godert van der Capellen and the head of the botanical garden Buitenzorg (Bogor), Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt.[1] Already, these men sensed a successor to Engelbert Kaempfer and Carl Peter Thunberg (author of Flora Japonica), both former resident physicians at Dejima.[1] The Batavian Academy of Arts and Science made Von Siebold a member.

Arrival in Japan

Von Siebold was sent to Dejima, the artificial island next to Nagasaki, on June 28, 1823, and arrived on August 11, 1823 as the new resident physician and scientist.[1] During his eventful trip he barely escaped drowning during a typhoon in the East China Sea.[1] Since only a very limited number of Dutch citizens were allowed on this island, the posts of physician and scientist had to be combined. At that time, Dejima was no longer in the possession of the Dutch East Indian Company VOC (which had gone bankrupt in 1798), but was kept running by the Dutch State for political considerations.
The European tradition of sending doctors with botanical training to Japan was a long one. Sent on a mission by the Dutch East India Company, Engelbert Kaempfer (1651–1716), a German physician and botanist who lived in Japan from 1690 until 1692, ushered in this tradition of a combination of physician and botanist. The Dutch East India Company did not, however, actually employ the Swedish botanist and physician Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828), who arrived in Japan in 1775.

Japanese scientists invited von Siebold to show them the marvels of western science, and he learned in return through them much about the Japanese and their customs. After curing an influential local officer, von Siebold gained the permission to leave the trade post. He used this opportunity to treat Japanese patients in the greater area around the trade post. Siebold is credited with the introduction of vaccination and pathological anatomy for the first time in Japan.[2]
Von Siebold began a medical school, the Narutaki-juku, that grew into a meeting place for around fifty students. They helped him in his botanical and naturalistic studies. The Dutch language became the lingua franca (common spoken language) for these academic and scholarly contacts for a generation, until the Meiji Restoration.

Medical practise


Painting by Kawahara Keiga: Arrival of a Dutch Ship. Philipp Franz von Siebold at Dejima with his Japanese wife Kusumoto Otaki and their baby-daughter Kusumoto Ine observing a VOC-ship arriving in the Nagasaki harbour using a teresukoppu (telescope).

His patients paid him in kind with a variety of objects and artifacts that would later gain historical significance. These everyday objects later became the basis of his large ethnographic collection, which consisted of everyday household goods, woodblock prints, tools and hand-crafted objects used by the Japanese people.

Japanese family

During his stay in Japan von Siebold "lived together" with Kusumoto Taki (楠本滝),[1] gave birth to their daughter O-Ine in In 1827.[1] Von Siebold used to call his wife "Otakusa" (probably derived from O-Taki-san) and named a Hydrangea after her. O-Ine eventually became the first Japanese woman known to have received a physician's training, and became a highly regarded practicing physician. She died in 1903.[1]

Studies of Japanese fauna and flora

His main interest, however, focused on the study of Japanese fauna and flora. He collected as much material as he could. Starting a small botanical garden behind his home (there was not much room on the small island) von Siebold amassed over 1,000 native plants.[1] In a specially built glasshouse he cultivated the Japanese plants to endure the Dutch climate. Local Japanese artists drew images of these plants, creating botanical illustrations and images of the daily life in Japan, which complemented his ethnographic collection. He hired Japanese hunters to track rare animals and collect specimens. Many specimens were collected with the help of his Japanese collaborators Keisuke Ito (1803–1901), Mizutani Sugeroku (1779–1833), Ōkochi Zonshin (1796–1882) and Katsuragawa Hoken (1797–1844), a physician to the Shogun. As well, von Siebold's assistant and later successor, Heinrich Bürger (1806–1858), proved to be indispensable in carrying on Von Siebold's work in Japan.
Von Siebold first introduced to Europe such familiar garden-plants as the Hosta and the Hydrangea otaksa. Unknown to the Japanese, he was also able to smuggle out germinative seeds of tea plants to the botanical garden Buitenzorg in Batavia. Through this single act, he started the tea culture in Java, a Dutch colony at the time. Until then Japan had strictly guarded the trade in tea plants. Remarkably, in 1833, Java already could boast a half million tea plants.
During his stay at Dejima, he sent three shipments with an unknown number of herbarium specimens to Leiden, Ghent, Brussels and Antwerp. The shipment to Leiden contained the first specimens of the Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus) to be sent to Europe.
In 1825 the Indian government provided him with two assistants: apothecary and mineralogist Heinrich Bürger (his later successor) and the painter Carl Hubert de Villeneuve. Each would prove to be useful to Siebold's efforts that ranged from ethnographical to botanical to horticultural, when attempting to document the exotic Eastern Japanese experience.
Reportedly, von Siebold was not the easiest man to deal with; he was in continuous conflict with his Dutch superiors, who felt he was arrogant. This threat of conflict resulted in his recall in July 1827 back to Batavia. But the ship, the Cornelis Houtman, sent to carry him back to Batavia, was thrown ashore by a typhoon in Nagasaki bay. The same storm badly damaged Dejima and destroyed von Siebold's botanical garden. Repaired, the Cornelis Houtman set afloat. It left for Batavia with 89 crates of Siebold's salvaged botanical collection, but Von Siebold remained behind in Dejima.

Siebold Incident
 
In 1826 von Siebold made the court journey to Edo. During this long trip he collected many plants and animals. But he also obtained from the court astronomer Takahashi Kageyasu several detailed maps of Japan and Korea (written by Inō Tadataka), an act strictly forbidden by the Japanese government.[1] When the Japanese discovered, by accident, that von Siebold had a map of the northern parts of Japan, the government accused him of high treason and of being a spy for Russia.[1]
The Japanese ordered von Siebold into house arrest and expelled him from Japan on October 22, 1829.[1] Satisfied that his Japanese collaborators would continue his work, he journeyed back on the frigate Java to his former residence, Batavia, in possession of his enormous collection of thousands of animals and plants, his books and his maps.[1] The botanical garden of Buitenzorg would soon house von Siebold's surviving, living flora collection of 2,000 plants. He arrived in the Netherlands on July 7, 1830. His stay in Japan and Batavia had lasted for a period of eight years.[1]

Siebold Incident

In 1826 von Siebold made the court journey to Edo. During this long trip he collected many plants and animals. But he also obtained from the court astronomer Takahashi Kageyasu several detailed maps of Japan and Korea (written by Inō Tadataka), an act strictly forbidden by the Japanese government.[1] When the Japanese discovered, by accident, that von Siebold had a map of the northern parts of Japan, the government accused him of high treason and of being a spy for Russia.[1]
The Japanese ordered von Siebold into house arrest and expelled him from Japan on October 22, 1829.[1] Satisfied that his Japanese collaborators would continue his work, he journeyed back on the frigate Java to his former residence, Batavia, in possession of his enormous collection of thousands of animals and plants, his books and his maps.[1] The botanical garden of Buitenzorg would soon house von Siebold's surviving, living flora collection of 2,000 plants. He arrived in the Netherlands on July 7, 1830. His stay in Japan and Batavia had lasted for a period of eight years.[1]

Return to Europe

Philipp Franz von Siebold arrived just at a time when, in 1830, political troubles erupted in Brussels, leading soon to the Belgian independence. Hastily he salvaged his ethnographic collections in Antwerp and his herbarium specimens in Brussels and took them to Leiden.[1] He left behind his botanical collections of living plants that were sent to the University of Ghent.[1] The consequent expansion of this collection of rare and exotic plants led to the horticultural fame of Ghent. In gratitude the University of Ghent presented him in 1841 with specimens of every plant from his original collection.
Von Siebold settled in Leiden, taking with him the major part of his collection.[1] The "Philipp Franz von Siebold collection", containing many type specimens, was the earliest botanical collection from Japan. Even today, it still remains a subject of ongoing research, a testimony to the depth of work undertaken by von Siebold. It contained about 12,000 specimens, from which he could describe only about 2,300 species. The whole collection was purchased for a handsome amount by the Dutch government. Von Siebold was also granted a substantial annual allowance by the Dutch King William II and was appointed Advisor to the King of Japanese Affairs. In 1842 the King even raised von Siebold to the peerage as an esquire.

 
The "Siebold collection" opened to the public in 1831. He founded a museum in his home in 1837. This small, private museum would eventually evolve into the National Museum of Ethnology in Leiden.[3] Von Siebold's successor in Japan, Heinrich Bürger, sent von Siebold three more shipments of herbarium specimens collected in Japan. This flora collection formed the basis of the Japanese collections of the National Herbarium of the Netherlands[4] in Leiden and the natural history museum Naturalis (National Natuurhistorisch Museum).[5] Writings

During his stay in Leiden, von Siebold wrote Nippon in 1832, the first part of a volume of a richly illustrated ethnographical and geographical work on Japan. The 'Archiv zur Beschreibung Nippons' also contained a report of his journey to the Shogunate Court at Edo.[1] He wrote six further parts, the last ones published posthumously in 1882; his sons published an edited and cheap reprint in 1887.[1]

The Bibliotheca Japonica appeared between 1833 and 1841. This work was co-authored by Joseph Hoffmann and Kuo Cheng-Chang, a Javanese of Chinese extraction, who had journeyed along with Von Siebold from Batavia.[1] It contained a survey of Japanese literature and a Chinese, Japanese and Korean dictionary.[1]
The zoologists Coenraad Temminck (1777–1858), Hermann Schlegel (1804–1884), and Wilhem de Haan (1801–1855) scientifically described and documented von Siebold's collection of Japanese animals.[1] The Fauna Japonica, a series of monographs published between 1833 and 1850, was mainly based on von Siebold's collection, making the Japanese fauna the best-described non-European fauna – "a remarkable feat for von Siebold". A significant part of the Fauna Japonica was also based on the collections of von Siebold's successor on Dejima, Heinrich Bürger.
Von Siebold wrote his Flora Japonica in collaboration with the German botanist Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (1797–1848). It first appeared in 1835, but the work was not completed until after his death, finished in 1870 by F. A. W. Miquel (1811–1871), director of the Rijksherbarium in Leiden. This work expanded von Siebold's scientific fame from Japan to Europe.
From the Hortus Botanicus Leiden – the botanical garden of Leiden – many of von Siebold's plants spread to Europe and from there to other countries. Hosta and Hortensia, Azalea, and the Japanese butterbur and the coltsfoot as well as the Japanese larch began to inhabit gardens across the world.

International reputation

After his return to Europe Von Siebold tried to exploit his knowledge of Japan. Whilst living in Boppard, from 1852 he corresponded with Russian diplomats such as Baron von Budberg-Bönninghausen, the Russian ambassador to Prussia, which resulted in an invitation to go to St Petersburg to advise the Russian government how to open trade relations with Japan. Though still employed by the Dutch government he did not inform the Dutch of this voyage until after his return. American Naval Commodore Matthew C. Perry consulted von Siebold in advance of his voyage to Japan in 1854.[6] In 1858 the Japanese government lifted the banishment of von Siebold. He returned to Japan in 1859 as an adviser to the Agent of the Dutch Trading Society (Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij) in Nagasaki, Albert Bauduin. After two years the connection with the Trading Society was severed as the advice of von Siebold was of no value. In Nagasaki he fathered another child with one of his female servants. In 1861 von Siebold organised his appointment as an adviser to the Japanese government and went in that function to Edo. There he tried to obtain a position between the foreign representatives and the Japanese government. As he had been specially admonished by the Dutch authorities before going to Japan that he was to abstain from all interference in politics, the Dutch Consul General in Japan, J. K. de Wit, was ordered to ask von Siebold's removal.[7] Von Siebold was ordered to return to Batavia and from there he returned to Europe. After his return he asked the Dutch government to employ him as Consul General in Japan but the Dutch government severed all relations with von Siebold who had a huge debt because of loans given to him, except for the payment of his pension.
Von Siebold kept trying to organise an other voyage to Japan. After he did not succeed in gaining employment with the Russian government, he went to Paris in 1865 to try to interest the French government in funding another expedition to Japan, but failed. He died in Munich on October 18, 1866.[1]


This page was last modified on 29 December 2013

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シーボルト事件
 
 
シーボルト事件(シーボルトじけん)は、江戸時代後期の1828年に起きた事件。
 
文政11年(1828年)9月、オランダ商館付の医師であるシーボルトが帰国する直前、所持品の中に国外に持ち出すことが禁じられていた日本地図などが見つかり、それを贈った幕府天文方書物奉行高橋景保ほか十数名が処分され、景保は獄死した(その後死罪判決を受けている)。シーボルトは文政12年(1829年)に国外追放の上、再渡航禁止の処分を受けた。当時、この事件は間宮林蔵の密告によるものと信じられた。

樺太東岸の資料を求めていた景保にシーボルトがクルーゼンシュテルンの『世界周航記』などを贈り、その代わりに、景保が伊能忠敬の『大日本沿海輿地全図』の縮図をシーボルトに贈った。この縮図をシーボルトが国外に持ち出そうとした。

シーボルトは、江戸で幕府天文方高橋景保のもとに保管されていた伊能図を見せられた。地図は禁制品扱いであったが、高橋は学者らしい単純さでシーボルトのために写しを同意した。後のシーボルト事件はこの禁制の地図の写しを持ち出したことにあった。

シーボルトらが1826年7月に江戸参府から出島に帰還し、この旅行で1000点以上の日本名や漢字名植物標本を種集できたが、日本の北方の植物にも興味をもち、間宮林蔵が蝦夷地で採取した押し葉標本を手に入れたく、間宮宛に丁重な手紙と布地を送ったが、間宮は外国人との私的な贈答は国禁に触れると考え、開封せずに上司に提出した。

高橋景保と間宮林蔵のあいだには確執があったといわれる[1]。間宮がシーボルトから受け取った手紙の内容が発端となり、多くの日本人と高橋景保は捕らえられ取調べを受けることになり、シーボルト自身も処分の決定を待つことになってしまった[2]

長崎市鳴滝にあるシーボルト記念館の研究報告書である『鳴滝紀要』第六号(1996年)発表の梶輝行の論文「蘭船コルネリウス・ハウトマン号とシーボルト事件」で、これまで通説だった暴風雨で座礁した船中から地図等のご禁制の品々が発見されたという説が後日の創作であることが判明した。コルネリウス・ハウトマン号は1828年10月に出航を予定していたが、同年9月17日夜半から18日未明に西日本を襲った猛烈な台風(いわゆるシーボルト台風)で座礁し、同年12月まで離礁できなかったのである。従来の説は壊滅的な被害を受けて座礁した船の中から、禁制品の地図類や三つ葉葵の紋付帷子などが見つかっていたことになっていたが、座礁した船の臨検もなくそのままにされ、船に積み込まれていたのは船体の安定を保つためのバラスト用の銅500ピコルだけだった。
江戸で高橋景保が逮捕され、これを受けてシーボルトへ高橋より送った「日本地図其の他、シーボルト所持致し居り候」ため、シーボルトの所持する日本地図を押収する内命が長崎奉行所にもたらされ、出島のシーボルトは訊問と家宅捜索をうけた。軟禁状態のシーボルトは研究と植物の乾燥や動物の剥製つくりをしてすごしたが、今までの収集品が無事オランダやバタヴィアに搬出できるかどうか心配であり、コレクションの中には個人的に蒐集していた標本や絵画も所有しており、これが彼一人の自由には出来なくなっていた。

シーボルトは訊問で科学的な目的のためだけに情報を求めたと主張し、捕まった多くの日本人の友人を助けようと彼らに罪を負わせることを拒絶した。自ら日本の民になり、残りの人生を日本に留まることで人質となることさえ申し出た[3]。高橋は1829年3月獄死し、自分の身も危ぶまれたが、シーボルトの陳述は多くの友人と彼を手伝った人々を救ったといわれている。しかし、日本の地図を持ち出すことは禁制だと彼自身知っていたはずであり、日本近海の海底の深度測定など、スパイの疑惑が晴れたわけではない[4]

シーボルトは高野長英から、医師以外の肩書は何か、と問われて、「コンテンス・ポンテー・ヲルテ」とラテン語で答えたと渡辺崋山が書いているが、これは「コレスポンデントヴェルデ」であり、内情探索官と訳すべきものである[5]

なお、シーボルトは安政5年(1858年)の日蘭修好通商条約の締結により追放が解除となり、翌安政6年(1859年)に長男アレクサンダーを伴って再来日し、幕府の外交顧問となっている。


最終更新 2013年11月30日

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シーボルト事件と流出地図

http://www.hh.em-net.ne.jp/~harry/komo_siebold_top.html

今から25年程前米国ボストンの骨董市で古い日本地図 を二枚入手した。 壱枚は新聞の様なものに白黒で印刷されており 「日本辺界略図」という日本を中心とする東アジアの地図で新聞の日付は1853年11月19日となっている。   

壱枚はやはり新聞か大形本の様なものに現在の地図の形と殆どかわらない日本及び別枠に蝦夷(北海道)と長崎が 色刷りで印刷されており、裏には1862年の日付で南北戦争の記事が載っている。 尚後者にはシーボルトの地図を元に編集した旨が記入されている。 

これらの地図はそのまま押し入れに保存していたが、最近長崎を訪問してシーボルト記念館や出島を見学して来たので、この骨董地図にも光を当てて見た。


http://www.hh.em-net.ne.jp/~harry/komo_siebolt_loc.jpg

左の写真は長崎市内鳴滝のシーボルト屋敷跡、右奥レンガ風の建物は同記念館

シーボルトとは

シーボルト(1796-1866)はドイツ南部のバイエルン地方出身のドイツ人医師であるが日本へ強い興味を持つ。

当時ヨーロッパで唯一日本と交流があったオランダの軍医に採用され、文政6年(1823)出島のオランダ商館付きオランダ人医師として長崎に赴任する。 医学や植物学に明るく時の長崎奉行、高橋越前守の特別の計らいで翌年には出島外の鳴滝に民家を購入し塾を開く事が許される。

そこで多くの門弟が西洋医学や自然科学を学び、シーボルトは日本の医学や自然科学の発達に多大な貢献をした事で高く評価されている。 

一方日本滞在中シーボルト事件を引き起こし、本人は文政12年(1829年)国外追放となり、多数の日本人関係者が処罰された事でも有名である。

尚日本の開国に伴い、30年後の安政六年(1859年)シーボルトはオランダの貿易顧問として再度日本に入国、幕府にも招かれ外交や自然科学の講義をおこなったが1862年帰国する。


シーボルト事件とは

シーボルトは長崎滞在中、文政9年(1827年)にオランダ商館長に付添い江戸を訪問している。 半年若の江戸滞在期間に精力的に幕府役人や民間人と接触し、特に幕府天文方高橋景保と交流を深め、日本地図や蝦夷地の地図を入手する。

当時地図の管理は非常に厳しく特に外国人に渡す事は国禁事項であったが、高橋もシーボルトの持つ貴重な情報が欲しく、情報入手の交換条件として地図を渡し国禁を犯す事となった。 

やがて事が発覚してシーボルトは文政12年(1829年)国外追放となり、一方の高橋景保は獄死、且多くの関係者が処罰される事になる。 
内閣文庫の文政雑記にはシーボルトの所持品や荷物の抜打ちの取調べ状況及び関係者の判決文が多数収録されている

  これをシーボルト事件と言う。 

○シーボルト部屋手入れと禁制品押収を見る(文政雑記)

○高橋景保始め関係者の判決文を見る(文政雑記)


http://www.hh.em-net.ne.jp/~harry/page_thumb51.html


http://www.hh.em-net.ne.jp/~harry/page_thumb51.html

高橋景保監修、永田善吉の銅板による日本辺界略図、世界地図が並べて印刷されており、冒頭に景保の序文(文化6年、1809年)がある (国立公文書館蔵)


事件その後

シーボルトが何故地図を執拗に欲しがったか、何故事件が発覚したか、と云うのは小説の格好の材料と見えシーボルトはスパイだったとか、偶々シーボルトの積荷の船が難破して荷物に禁制品の地図があり発覚したとか間宮林蔵が密告したとか、等あるが後世の創作が多く真相は明確ではないようである。 しかし文政雑記の記事を見ると地図の受け渡しには、かなり多くの人が関わっているので、やはり誰かが密告したとしか思えない 尚シーボルトに渡った地図は、幕府の手入れで流出を事前に防ぎ回収された事になっている。 

しかしシーボルトが退去後、1832年にオランダで刊行した「日本」では間宮海峡と命名されたカラフトを含む日本辺界略図がオランダ語で掲載されており、日本が高度の文化を持つ国として世界に紹介されているし、精度の高い伊能図も持ち出されていると言われている。

高橋景保始め処罰された人達には気の毒だが、その後の開国への道筋も含めて、シーボルト事件は日本の為には良かったのではないだろうか。


http://www.hh.em-net.ne.jp/~harry/page_thumb51.html
         
右の「日本」に掲載された日本辺界地図を元に米国で英文版を印刷したものと思われる。 ボストンの骨董市で入手


精度の高い日本地図

伊能忠敬の測量により、文政四年(1821)に幕府天文方で完成させた大日本沿海輿地全図が元になっていると考えられている。 

地図中に下記が凡例と共に表示されている

Compiled from the maps of Siebold with additions from the surveys and reconnaissances of the U.S. Japan Ex.




http://www.hh.em-net.ne.jp/~harry/page_thumb52.html

http://www.hh.em-net.ne.jp/~harry/komo_siebolt_jmap63_thumb.JPG

ボストンの骨董市で入手
1863年頃の印刷

参考文献
内閣文庫文政雑記 国立公文書館
シーボルト「日本」 中井晶夫訳  雄松堂
シーボルトと日本の開国 続群書類従完成会

==========================================================

Netherlands Missions, Japan

http://japan.nlembassy.org/you-and-netherlands/dutch-japanese-relations.html

==========================================================











日本の真相 1 ~ 9

偽天皇と山口県田布施朝鮮部落システム







日本の真相1 明治天皇すりかえ



公開日: 2012/07/05
おかかえ歴史家がひた隠しにている日本の真相。 スキャンダルで操られるご皇室と政治の中枢。日本人に冷淡で朝鮮人に優しい日本政府の­わけ、「韓日友好、天皇崇拝」を掲げる右翼などの原因がここにある。


日本の真相2 仕組まれる戦争・皇室スキャンダル




日本の真相3 天皇のための戦争・天皇は内通していた




日本の真相4 こじつけの天皇無罪論




日本の真相5 すべての戦争は八百長である




日本の真相6 操り人形がリーダーをする日本




日本の真相7 超天才の悪魔




日本の真相8 中曽根、正力工作員の原発




日本の真相9 原発・使い捨て人形からの反乱






2014年2月17日月曜日

最高権力者の品格の多様性 賢人愚人

最高権力者の品格の多様性 賢人愚人

https://twitter.com/David_Cameron

David Cameron ‏@David_Cameron 47分
A great example of the military helping with floods: running a shuttle service on flooded roads in Upton-upon-Severn.





https://twitter.com/Number10gov

UK Prime Minister ‏@Number10gov 2月7日
PM in : "Everything that can be done will be done" – see govt response to flooding:






================================================

GOV.UK

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pm-announces-details-of-flood-support-packages

News story

PM announces details of flood support packages

Updated 20 February 2014

Details of new funding schemes for homeowners and businesses in flood hit areas have been announced today by Prime Minister David Cameron.

The new schemes were launched last week by the Prime Minister as part of a comprehensive package to help homeowners and businesses in flood affected areas get back on their feet and make their properties more resilient to flooding in the future.

Support for businesses

  • businesses that have been flooded since December 2013 will qualify for 100% business rate relief for 3 months, regardless of how long they were flooded
  • government will guarantee to reimburse councils’ costs of providing 100% rate relief, enabling local authorities to start providing this relief immediately
  • the initial funding allocations to councils in flood affected areas from the new £10 million Business Support Scheme have also been set out today
  • these funding allocations will enable councils to start identifying affected businesses straight away and provide emergency hardship funding
  • Business Support Scheme funding is being provided on top of business rate relief, and allows local councils to help both flooded businesses and those who have been indirectly affected through loss of trade, for example by being cut off

Help for homeowners

  • as announced by the Prime Minister yesterday, the government will provide up to £4 million to councils to help provide people whose properties are flooded with a council tax rebate of at least 3 months
  • this funding guarantee to local authorities means that they can start providing this council tax relief immediately
  • the new Repair and Renewal Grants will go live from 1 April and will provide financial support for households and businesses to contribute to work that improves a property’s ability to withstand future flooding
  • grants of up to £5,000 will be paid to flooded homeowners and businesses, once a survey to identify appropriate resilience measures has been completed; the cost of the survey is part of the grant
Prime Minister David Cameron said:
This government is continuing to take decisive action across the board to help hard-working people affected by the floods. We have led the immediate response through COBR, and put in place a range of measures to help people in the longer-term.
Today I am publishing details of how homeowners and businesses can access a range of new funding schemes which I announced over the last week.
We are helping people who need help now and protecting communities who need protecting in the future.
Details of the £10 million fund for farmers to help restore their waterlogged land will be announced shortly.

Further information

All 4 schemes will be delivered by local authorities and extend to England only.
All the schemes will be backdated to ensure we are providing support to those affected by floods since December 2013, including communities on the east coast affected by the tidal surge in early December.
Additional details on the specific schemes:

Business Rate Relief Scheme

  • 100% rate relief for 3 months will be available to businesses that have been flooded
  • we expect local authorities to implement 100% rate relief immediately
  • businesses with a Rateable Value of over £10 million will not be eligible for rates relief
  • central government will reimburse local authorities for the costs of implementing 100% rate relief

Council tax exemption for flooded properties

  • DCLG has made £4 million available for this scheme to enable local councils to provide a council tax rebate to those whose homes have been flooded
  • it will be for each local council to decide what level of rebate to offer each flooded property
  • central government will reimburse local authorities for the costs of implementing the council tax exemption

£5,000 Repair and Renewal grants

  • these one-off, time-limited grants are for up to £5,000 (to include the costs of a professional survey) and are for flooded homes and businesses
  • local authorities will need to establish local schemes for administering the grants and commissioning surveys of flooded properties to identify measures that would improve their resilience or resistance to future floods
  • measures funded by these grants must not duplicate repairs that should be covered through insurance policies: the funding is solely available for additional future resilience or resistance measures
  • the scheme will go live from 1 April 2014; government will convene discussions with insurers, surveyors and councils to explore how best to align the scheme with the insurance assessment and loss adjuster process

Business Support Scheme

  • up to £10 million has been made available to provide emergency funding and support to businesses in flood affected areas
  • this scheme covers businesses in these areas that have been flooded, and those that have been indirectly affected by flooding and suffered significant loss of trade
  • local authorities will have discretion on the maximum payments to individual businesses - but our guidance highlights equivalent schemes where the average grants were £2,500 per business
  • initial allocations from the first tranche of this funding are being announced today
  • we recognise that we will need to work with councils to build up a more detailed picture of business need in local areas; that is why we have held back a second tranche of funding to distribute in March
Organisations:
Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street
Department for Business, Innovation & Skills
Department for Communities and Local Government
Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs
Policies:
Working with local partners to plan for, and respond to, emergencies
Improving the UK's ability to absorb, respond to and recover from emergencies
Reducing the threats of flooding and coastal change
Minister:
The Rt Hon David Cameron MP


================================================

Flooding on the Thames: A helicopter journey along the flood-hit



公開日: 2014/02/12
More aerial views: http://bit.ly/1ntH2uG
Aerial footage shows the extent of flooding along the River Thames, as 1,700 homes are thought to have been affected. The video includes aerial views of Thames Barrier; Westminster; Putney; Hampton Court; Sunbury-on-Thames, Surrey; Walton-on-Thames, Surrey; Lower Halliford, Surrey and Shepperton, Surrey. Report by Tom Ellis.

Subscribe to ITN News: http://bit.ly/1bmWO8h

Our full flooding coverage: http://bit.ly/1eqzJ17

Like us on Facebook: http://on.fb.me/1aENuyJ
Follow us on Twitter: http://bit.ly/1fta2Qp
Add us on Google+: http://bit.ly/17z0Dpd

More flooding stories from ITN:
Helicopter films flooding along the Thames: http://bit.ly/1dHxZAD
Giant wave soaks police officers at the beach: http://bit.ly/MI831X
Marines help with flooding in Somerset: http://bit.ly/1kBpLT5
Prime Minister David Cameron interviewed about floods: http://bit.ly/1lBFUpH
Residents use dinghy to get around flooded roads: http://bit.ly/LUfjXD
Waves batter the Cornish coast: http://bit.ly/1cvIB61
Flooding causes sea wall to collapse in Dawlish: http://bit.ly/MbCBsL
Aerial views of Thames River flooding: http://bit.ly/1ntH2uG
Datchet flooding is the worst since 1947: http://bit.ly/1fg1uuw
Aerial footage of extreme flooding in Surrey: http://bit.ly/1aOcWS4
Drone films wakeboarders surfing on flooded roads: http://bit.ly/1dC3pZE

See 2013's Most Watched Videos: http://bit.ly/1cKAmGl

See our Biggest Videos of All Time: http://bit.ly/18ZACCf








記録的大雪、車の立往生や集落の孤立相次ぐ



公開日: 2014/02/16
関東・甲信地方などに記録的な積雪をもたらした大雪の被害が続いています。降り積もっ­た雪が道路をふさぎ、40時間以上立往生する車や、孤立する市町村も出ています。





世界最低の愚人
 
アホのミックス
 
安倍のモグモグ
 
  
 
https://twitter.com/kinokuniyanet

 kinokuniyanet
 
kinokuniyanet@kinokuniyanet 2月17日
 
kinokuniyanet 
kinokuniyanet  @kinokuniyanet
画像を再送。少しエビを大きくしてみた。 《総理の動き》安倍総理は官邸で、豪雪非常災害対策本部会議に出席しました。  


https://twitter.com/Number10govUK Prime Minster

日露戦争 〜前編〜 日露戦争 〜後編〜 

日露戦争 〜前編〜 (高画質版)



アップロード日: 2011/07/12
↓ 日露戦争 〜後編〜
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMnO_9...

ていていた~さん製作の動画です。

↓こちらに元の動画があります。
http://www.teiteitah.net/

元動画の最後には用語解説、あとがきなどもあります。
一度みてみてください^^



日露戦争 〜後編〜 (高画質版)



  

明治37-38年(1904-05) 日露戦争 陸戦編

明治37-38年(1904-05) 日露戦争 陸戦編



アップロード日: 2008/08/24
日露戦争 (陸戦編)  

P&G Thank You, Mom | Pick Them Back Up | Sochi 2014 Olympic

P&G Thank You, Mom | Pick Them Back Up | Sochi 2014 Olympic



公開日: 2014/01/05
For teaching us that falling only makes us stronger. For giving us the encouragement to try again. Thank you, Mom. Learn more about P&G Thank You, Mom at http://www.facebook.com/ThankYouMom.

Julia Lipnitskaia Free Skating 2014 European Figure Skating Championship...



公開日: 2014/02/11
Пятнадцатилетняя уроженка Екатеринбурга Юлия Липницкая, вступающая на Олимпиаде в Сочи, победила в короткой программе командного турнира. Ее успех помог сборной России закрепиться на первой строчке.
Ulia Lipnitskaya

Судьи оценили субботнее выступление Юлии в 72,9 балла. Второе место с результатом 70,84 баллов заняла итальянка Каролина Костнер. Третьей стала японка Мао Осада, набравшая 64,07 баллов.

Успешное выступление в произвольной программе парного дуэта Ксении Столбовой и Федора Климова упрочило позиции России в командном турнире. Заняв первое место, они увеличили отрыв нашей команды от Канады до шести очков. Сегодня решится судьба золотых медалей в командном первенстве. На данный момент после пяти программ из восьми сборная России имеет в активе 47 очков. У идущей второй Канады -- 41 балл. Третьими с результатом в 34 балла идут американцы.

http://youtu.be/W-LS9S7SiR4 - Юлия Липницкая
http://youtu.be/0LIEeBJk-V0 - Юлия Липницкая



羽生結弦 金メダル フィギュアスケート 男子FS 「ロミオとジュリエット






羽生結弦 世界最高得点を出した演技。Yuzuru Hanyu SP Skate




 


Yuzuru Hanyu Men's Figure Skating Short Program Sochi 2014



公開日: 2014/02/15
Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg Skating Palace on F.

Watch my channel ;) Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg.

Sochi 2014, Sochi Olypmic 2014, Sochi, Winter, Russia today, news, russia news, Yuzuru Hanyu Figure Skating Men's Short Program Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics 羽生.

Yuzuru Hanyu Figure Skating Men39s Short Program Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics pictures Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes in the Figure Skating Men39s Short ProYuz.

Yuzuru Hanyu Wins Gold For Japan For His Performance In The Men's Free Figure Skating Program.

Yuzuru Hanyu Men's Figure Skating Short Program Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics 羽生結弦 shoot Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Pr.

Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan performs during the Figure Skating Men's Free Skating on day seven of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at Iceberg Skating Palace on Febru.

Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg Skating Palace on F. Watch my channel ;) Yuzuru.

Nineteen-year-old Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan impressed in the men's short program on Thursday, while Canada's Patrick Chan remains in contention for the gold meda.

Japan Figure Skater Yuzuru Hanyu BREAKS Short Program World Record Sochi 2014, Japan Figure Skater Yuzuru Hanyu BREAKS Short Program World Record Sochi 2014,.

yuzuru hanyu wins gold medal in mens free skating sochi olympics 2014 congrats !! kas reaction.

Sochi 2014: Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan survives two falls to win figure skating gold 羽生結弦 ソチ .SOCHI, Russia — Yuzuru Hanyu was skating when the devastating earthq.

Japan's Yuzuru Hanyu breaks his own world record in the men's figure skating short program. While in the same event American Jeremy Abbott takes a horrific t.

Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg Skating Palace on F.

sochi 2014 Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg Skating .

Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg Skating Palace on F.

Yuzuru Hanyu Men's Figure Skating Short Program Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics 羽生結弦 sh videolarını Russian star Evgeni Plushenko announces retirement and U.S. sk.

Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg Skating Palace on F.

Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg Skating Palace on F.

Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg Skating Palace on F.

Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg Skating Palace on F.

Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg Skating Palace on F.

cep incelemesi Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg Skat.

Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan competes during the Men's Figure Skating Short Program on day 6 of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics at the at Iceberg Skating Palace on F.





Sochi 2014 Olympics
http://www.sochi2014.com/en


【ソチ五輪】"レジェンド" 葛西紀明 銀メダル獲得 ジャンプ男子ラージヒル



公開日: 2014/02/15
ソチオリンピック、スキージャンプ男子ラージヒル決勝で、41歳の葛西紀明選手が銀メ­­ダルを獲得 おめでとー

日本がスキージャンプでメダルを獲得するのは1998年の長野大会以来、4大会ぶり

ソチオリンピック、スキージャンプ男子ラージヒル決勝で、41歳の葛西紀明選手が銀メ­­ダルを獲得 おめでとー

日本がスキージャンプでメダルを獲得するのは1998年の長野大会以来、4大会ぶり




The Olympic Torch's Journey To Sochi 2014 | Faster Higher Stronger



公開日: 2014/02/05
Follow the incredible journey into space and underwater of the Olympic Torch as it makes it's way to the Opening Ceremony of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics.

Subscribe to the Olympic channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/olympic?s...

Discover more out Sochi 2014: http://www.olympic.org/sochi-2014-win...



Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics, Russia - Venue Preview - Unravel



公開日: 2012/10/22
Sochi 2014 staged in Russia will be the most compact Winter Games in the history of the Olympic Movement. It will be possible to get from one venue to another in just a matter of minutes and all Olympic and Paralympic competition will take place in the same venues. It is for this reason that all athletic facilities for the Sochi 2014 Games are being built with the needs of disabled people in mind. Eleven athletic venues will be built for the Sochi 2014 Games, which will be divided into two clusters - mountain and coastal. The clusters will be located within 48km of each other, which is less than a 30 minute ride along a new railway.

Each cluster will contain an Olympic Village. The travel time from the Olympic Village to a competition venue in the coastal cluster will be no more than five minutes. Additionally, travel time from the Olympic Village to a competition venue in the mountain cluster is less than 15 minutes. The central focus of the coastal cluster will be the Olympic Park. It will connect up all competition venues, the parking zone and the infrastructure elements. For the first time in the history of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, all ice arenas will be within walking distance of one other. The Olympic Park will be able to accommodate about 70,000 visitors when full. The Mountain Cluster will include Biathlon and Ski Complexes, a Bobsleigh Track, a Ski Center, a Ski Jump Complex, as well as a Snowboard Park and Freestyle Center.

5,500 Olympic athletes, 1,350 Paralympic athletes, 25,000 volunteers, and 13,000 members of the press will come to the Games in Sochi. Sports venues in the Olympic Park will be visited daily by more than 75,000 people, and the Games' television audience will be approximately 3 billion viewers! In addition, residents of Russia's major cities will be able to watch a live television broadcast of the Olympic events at specially equipped Olympic sites called Live Sites. The Live Sites will be traditional celebration sites in city centers which will be equipped with big screens, sound, light, and a stage for people to watch the Games together, experience the atmosphere, and celebrate the victories of Russian athletes. It is expected that a total of up to 30 million people will visit the Live Sites, so almost every family in Russia will be able to be part of the Games in Sochi.

Sochi 2014 http://www.sochi2014.com/en

Live broadcast Unravel Travel TV http://www.unraveltraveltv.com
Unravel Travel TV Twitter http://www.twitter.com/UnravelTravelTV
Unravel Travel TV on You Tube http://www.youtube.com/UnravelTravelTV
Unravel Travel TV http://www.unraveltravel.eu



P&G Thank You, Mom | Pick Them Back Up | Sochi 2014 Olympic



公開日: 2014/01/05
For teaching us that falling only makes us stronger. For giving us the encouragement to try again. Thank you, Mom. Learn more about P&G Thank You, Mom at http://www.facebook.com/ThankYouMom.



Tight security in Sochi ahead of the opening ceremony for the Winter



公開日: 2014/01/05
For teaching us that falling only makes us stronger. For giving us the encouragement to try again. Thank you, Mom. Learn more about P&G Thank You, Mom at http://www.facebook.com/ThankYouMom.

Tight security in Sochi ahead of the opening ceremony for the Winter


http://www.euronews.com/2014/02/07/tight-security-in-sochi-ahead-of-the-opening-ceremony-for-the-winter-olympics/

The President of the International Olympic Committee, Thomas Bach, has officially welcomed Russian President Vladimir Putin to the winter Games.
Both gave speeches at a gala hosting various world leaders and United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon on the eve of the competition’s opening ceremony.
Putin thanked the IOC for its unwavering support in Russia’s bid to host the Olympics.
“The whole world is already anticipating this grand sports event and is feeling the special atmosphere and positive energy,” he said. “Russia is aiming to fulfil its Olympic project to the maximum, doing everything possible to ensure the Sochi Olympics is an unforgettable, bright event. We are sure this will be the case.”


 The Trans-Siberian Railway - Documentary



公開日: 2014/02/15
Documentary on the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia. For those who travel for the pleasure of the journey, those who believe that getting there is as much fu

2014年2月15日土曜日

2014年2月14日金曜日

CityFilm Amsterdam 2012-2013

CityFilm Amsterdam 2012-2013



 公開日: 2012/06/28
http://cityfilm.tv.
Everything you need to know when you are planning a weekend trip to Amsterdam. Mark van Eeuwen and Tamara Brinkman show you all Amsterdam has to offer: culture, museums and where to eat, drink and shop.For more information: www.cityfilm.tv! 

HD Video Amsterdam - Shopping in Amsterdam - April - The Netherlands

HD Video Amsterdam - Shopping in Amsterdam - April - The Netherlands



アップロード日: 2011/05/12
Deze video is gemaakt door winkelsteden.tv Voor meer impressie's van leuke winkelsteden....ga dan naar winkelsteden.tv of winkelsteden.nl Een impressie van Amsterdam, de binenstad, het vondelpark, rijksmuseum, hardock cafe, kerken, musea, trams, grachten, monumenten, universiteit, winkelaanbod, kalverstraat, pc hooftstraat, lente, paleis, coffeeshops, fietsen met zware kettingen tec. etc. Het komt allemaal in beeld.

Amsterdamis dé winkelstad van Nederland. Om je een indruk te geven wat je zou kan tegenkomen, hebben we een video gemaakt van het winkelcentrum. Er zijn zoveel winkels, die kunnen echt niet allemaal goed in beeld. Het is daarom ook een impressie. Maar de video laat meer dan de binnenstad zien. De omgeving, oude gebouwen die we op de route tegenkwamen, het vondelpark, enkele kerken, standbeelden en nog veel meer.

Amsterdam, probably the most planned city of northern Europe, has long been a well-known city. In the 17th century Amsterdam was the centre of world economy, and nowadays the city is known for its tolerant character. This video gives you an impression of the great Amsterdam. The old buildings, canals, museums, statues, Vondel Park, enviroments, the streets, churches, shops and many more. Watch en enjoy! For more video's of Dutch cities, watch them at www.winkelsteden.tv

30万の福島の子供の命を危険に晒して平気な日本の官僚、政治

30万の福島の子供の命を危険に晒して平気な日本の官僚、政治


http://youtu.be/dNVWxHKXcOQ

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