Offshore Electricity Grid Infrastructure in Europe
http://www.offshoregrid.eu/images/FinalReport/offshoregrid_fullfinalreport.pdf
PDF 152p
A Techno-Economic Assessment
3E (coordinator),
dena, EWEA, ForWind, IEO, NTUA, Senergy, SINTEF
Final Report, October 2011
Table of contents
FOREWORD 6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7
1 INTRODUCTION 17
1.1 Context and background 18
1.2 Objective of OffshoreGrid 19
1.3 Methodology and approach 19
1.4 Stakeholders 19
1.5 Document structure 20
2 K EY ASSUMPTIONS AND SCENARIOS 21
2.1 Offshore wind development scenarios in Northern Europe 22
2.2 Generation capacity and commodity price scenarios 23
2.3 Technology to connect offshore wind energy 25
3 METHODOLOGY - SIMULATION INPUTS AND MODELS 27
3.1 Wind power series model 28
3.2 Power market and power flow model 29
3.3 Infrastructure cost model 29
3.4 Case-independent model 30
4 RESULTS 31
4.1 Wind output statistics 32
4.1.1 Spatial smoothing of wind power 32
4.1.2 Spatial power correlations 33
4.2 Wind farm hubs versus individual connections 35
4.2.1 Hubs and individual connections in the sea basins in Northern Europe 36
4.2.2 Overall cost reductions expected from shared connections via hubs 39
4.2.3 Scheduled wind farm connection – risk of stranded hub investments 40
4.2.4 Conclusion and Discussion on Hubs versus Individual Connections 42
4.3 Integrated design – case studies 42
4.3.1 Tee-in solutions – Case study evaluation 43
4.3.2 Hub-to-hub solutions – Case study evaluation 46
4.4 Integrated design – case-independent model 49
4.4.1 Minimum distance for tee-in solution 49
4.4.2 Maximum distance between hubs for integrated hub solution 52
4.4.3 The Cobra cable case study 55
4.4.4 Conclusion on integrated design 57
4.5 Overall grid design 58
4.5.1 Approach 58
4.5.2 The Direct Design methodology 59
4.5.3 The Split Design methodology 64
4.5.4 Comparison of methodologies 69
4.5.5 Infrastructure investment – circuit length and total costs 74
4.5.6 Power system impact of the offshore grid 77
4.5.7 Conclusion and discussion 78
5 TOWARDS AN OFFSHORE GRID – FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS 81
5.1 Challenges and barriers 82
5.1.1 Operation and maintenance of an offshore grid and further technical challenges 82
5.1.2 Regulatory framework and policy 84
5.1.3 Market challenges and financing 86
5.1.4 Supply chain 86
5.2 Ongoing policy and industry initiatives 87
6 C ONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 89
6.1 Wind farm hubs 90
6.2 Tee-in solutions 91
6.3 Hub-to-hub solutions 92
6.4 Overall grid design 94
6.5 Overall recommendations 96
7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND FUNDING 99
8 REFERENCES 101
================================================================
http://www.offshoregrid.eu/
http://www.offshoregrid.eu/images/FinalReport/offshoregrid_executive-summary_nov11.pdf
PDF 16p
================================================================
http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/publications/reports/Grids_Report_2010.pdf
Powering Europe:wind energy and the electricity grid
PDF 179p
CONTENTS
chapter 1
Introduction: a E uropean vision 5
1 Introduction 6
2 Turning the energy challenge
into a competitive advantage 8
2.1 Wind power and European electricity 9
2.2 Wind power in the system 11
2.3 All power sources are fallible 11
3 Main challenges and issues of integration 13
4 Integration of wind power in Europe:
the facts 14
4.1 Wind generation and wind plants:
the essentials 15
4.2 Power system operations
with large amounts of wind power 16
4.3 Upgrading electricity networks – challenges
and solutions 17
4.4 Electricity market design 19
4.5 The merit order effect of large-scale
wind integration 20
5 Roles and responsibilities 22
6 European renewable energy grid vision
2010-2050 28
chapter 2
Wind generation and wind plants:
the essentials 35
1 Wind generation and wind farms –
the essentials 36
1.1 Wind power plants 36
1.2 Variability of wind power production 42
1.3 Variability and predictability
of wind power production 48
1.4 Impacts of large-scale wind power .
integration on electricity systems 53
2 Connecting wind power to the grid 55
2.1 Problems with grid code requirements
for wind power 56
2.2 An overview of the present grid code
requirements for wind power 57
2.3 Two-step process for grid code
harmonisation in Europe 60
3 Summary 62
chapter 3
Power system operations
with large amounts of wind power 65
1 Introduction 66
2 Balancing demand, conventional
generation and wind power 67
2.1 Introduction 67
2.2 Effect of wind power on scheduling of
reserves 68
2.3 Short-term forecasting to support
system balancing 70
2.4 Additional balancing costs 71
3 Improved wind power management 73
4 Ways of enhancing wind power integration 76
5 Wind power’s contribution to firm power 79
5.1 Security of supply and system adequacy 79
5.2 Capacity credit is the measure for firm
wind power 80
6 National and European integration studies
and experiences 83
6.1 Germany 84
6.2 Nordic region 85
6.3 Denmark 86
6.5 Ireland 88
6.6 Netherlands 89
6.7 European Wind Integration Study 89
7 Annex: principles of power balancing
in the system 92
chapter 4
Upgrading electricity networks –
challenges and solutions 95
1 Drivers and barriers for network upgrades 96
2 Immediate opportunities for upgrade:
optimal use of the network 99
3 Longer term improvements to European
transmission planning 101
3.1 Recommendations from European studies 101
4 Offshore grids 106
4.1 Drivers and stepping stones 106
4.2 Technical issues 108
4.3 Policy issues 110
4.4 Regulatory aspects 110
4.5 Planning 110
5 Costs of transmission upgrades and who
pays for what 112
5.1 Cost estimates 112
5.2 Allocating grid infrastructure costs 113
6 More active distribution networks 114
7 A holistic view of future network
development: smart grids 116
8 Summary 117
chapter 5
Electricity market design 119
1 Introduction 120
2 Barriers to integrating wind power into
the power market 121
3 Developments in the European electricity
market 123
3.1 Liberalised national markets 123
3.2 European integration assisted by
interconnection 124
3.3 Legal framework for further liberalisation
of the European electricity market 125
4 Wind power in the European internal
electricity market 126
4.1 Current market rules in EU Member
States 126
4.2 Economic benefits of proper market rules
for wind power integration in Europe 127
5 Summary 128
chapter 6
The merit order effect of large-scale
wind integration 131
1 Background 132
2 Introduction 134
2.1 Summary of literature survey 136
3 Summary of findings 138
4 Methodology 140
4.1 Approach 140
4.2 Modelling 142
5 Analysis 144
5.1 Modelling results 144
5.2 Sensitivities 155
6 Conclusion 162
7 Annex 164
7.1 Assumptions in the model 164
7.2 Model description 167
References, glossary and abbreviations 171
================================================================
2013年1月30日水曜日
2013年1月27日日曜日
Floating Offshore Wind Energy: Possibility or Pipedream?
Floating Offshore Wind Energy: Possibility or Pipedream?
http://theenergycollective.com/celinerottier/176686/floating-offshore-wind-energy-possibility-or-pipedream
Posted January 25, 2013
Posted by:
Social Media Today LLC © 2012
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Constant Energy in a World of Constant Change:
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Siemens·
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横路 理紀@t_yokomichi
「洋上風力発電では日本がリードできる」 NEDO http://www.rbbtoday.com/article/2013/01/27/101939.html … #news #newsjp #genpatsu
========================
http://www.rbbtoday.com/article/2013/01/27/101939.html
「洋上風力発電では日本がリードできる」
http://theenergycollective.com/celinerottier/176686/floating-offshore-wind-energy-possibility-or-pipedream
Posted January 25, 2013
Posted by:
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Celine is currently a Candidate for a Masters in International Affairs (Energy) at Columbia University (SIPA). She was previously an offshore technologist at Repsol Technology Centre in Madrid, Spain and has worked in Brasil, the Netherlands and Singapore. She received her Bachelor in Civil Engineering from Technische Universiteit Delft in 2004, and graduated cum laude with a Masters in ...
With rows of wind turbines following the curvy shapes of the mountains that hold them in many parts of the world, today wind energy has become an integral part of our global environment. While most people are familiar with onshore wind generation, its offshore variant is often less known. This is especially true for floating offshore wind energy, but this is about to change. Floating offshore wind energy will soon be making its entry into our energy mix and it is here to stay.
Offshore Opportunities
Despite its success as a well-proven concept, onshore wind energy has received some criticism. Even while some people enjoy the view of the blades sliding gracefully through the sky, many label it as visual pollution. Onshore wind farms also claim large parcels of land, which is particularly a concern to regions with limited land availability. In contrast, there is much less intense use of area in the sea, which provides interesting opportunities for further expansion of wind capacity. Additionally, due the absence of geography that works as a restrictive factor on land, much higher winds speeds can be found at sea. However, fixed offshore wind structures are limited to water depths of about 30 meters or less. Floating structures offer the promise to catch the stronger winds beyond that threshold.
Technical Challenges
Placing a wind turbine on a floating structure is anything but straightforward. From an engineering point of view there is a major difference between offshore fixed structures and offshore floating structures. The motions of the latter will introduce additional dynamic loading on the turbine and its tower. As a consequence some structural elements need reinforcement and new phenomena can surge, such as resonance between the floating structure and the turbine’s blades. In order to address these issues, the industry will need to develop adequate analytic tools and control systems, as well as improve its wind prediction capabilities. Managing the interaction between the floating structure and the blades can prove to be key to reach the desired production levels. As a matter of fact, the portfolio of several leading research institutes projects include projects related to these topics, such as the NREL. Improving the efficiency of the transmission to shore is another crucial link, as deeper waters are generally found at larger distances from the coast.
Industry Challenges
However, the rising interest in floating wind generation is also bringing about a more fundamental shift. In an industry where turbines long dictated the pace of innovation, structures have entered the picture. It has become a two-man show, as the creation of consortia between turbine manufacturers with companies with offshore experience proves, which also tend to include electric companies. This is also evidenced by the creation of new wind groups in various established offshore engineering companies. However, in order to be successful, the rather conservative offshore industry will need to be able to reinvent itself. Merely transferring the oil & gas standards to the wind industry can lead to overly restrictive norms that will not allow offshore wind structures to keep afloat in an economic sense. There is also an enormous logistical challenge attached to the operation and maintenance of floating offshore wind units. The industry will need to address these timely and, more importantly, at a reasonable cost.
Conceptual Developments
Two structural concepts are currently dominating the technological landscape: one based on conventional Tension Leg Platforms and the other on Semi-Submersibles. Since the motions of the first platform are significantly smaller, it offers the promise of more “turbine-friendly” design conditions. However, its anchoring system is generally thought to add complexity to the design and to the operation and maintenance. The industry proposes less variants of a third concept, which is based on a typical spar design. Although it offers good motion features, this concept requires water depths of over 50 meter (5MW turbines), which makes it less versatile than the other options that can be applied in water depths from 7 meters on. We can also see a clear divide between projects that offer a single turbine versus multiple turbines on a single structure. Within the industry there is some uncertainty concerning the impact that multiple turbine concepts could have on their mutual efficiency. Consequently single turbine concepts seem to be leading the way. For now, vertical turbines, some of which are remarkably innovative, seem to be a step too far for the industry. Although there are several concepts available with vertical wind turbines, the industry generally focuses on horizontal turbines that are the basis of the most advanced proposals.
Demonstration Projects
Although the local conditions will ultimately decide what concept is most suitable for a specific site, their differences will be better outlined as more experience is gained through pilot projects. Hywind or Windfloat are two examples of the various demonstration projects that have been set-up. The knowledge extracted from such undertakings will be used to advance designs, drive down the costs, improve economic evaluations, assess its environmental impact and optimize logistics. It is a crucial step that has to be passed satisfactorily, before considering large-scale deployment of floating offshore wind farms.
Wind in National Energy Mix
Even if the winds are more constant offshore than onshore, its intermittent character leads to uncertainty in the delivery of power. Governments should be aware that this impedes wind energy to qualify as a base load for energy provision and make sure to develop sufficient alternatives to achieve a well-balanced energy mix for their country. Also, floating offshore wind energy still has to improve its cost competitiveness. Nevertheless, floating offshore wind energy can be an important part of a nation’s energy mix as the impressive expansion plans of Japan show. Policies can help the industry to overcome the hurdles on the way to large-scale deployment. This does not only refer to financial support for pilot projects, but also relates to regulatory flexibility, permitting and stimulate knowledge sharing.
Although floating offshore wind energy still has several critical hurdles to overcome, it is a promising technology. It is to be hoped that the pilot projects will help to drive costs down and enable it to make its leap to large-scale deployment.
Image: Offshore Wind Energy via Shutterstock
Social Media Today LLC © 2012
=============================================================
Constant Energy in a World of Constant Change:
Siemens Smart Grid Trailer Constant Energy in a World of Constant Change
http://youtu.be/eVedLafA2IU
Turn the tides into energy
Siemens·=============================================================
https://twitter.com/t_yokomichi
横路 理紀@t_yokomichi
「洋上風力発電では日本がリードできる」 NEDO http://www.rbbtoday.com/article/2013/01/27/101939.html … #news #newsjp #genpatsu
========================
http://www.rbbtoday.com/article/2013/01/27/101939.html
「洋上風力発電では日本がリードできる」
2013年1月27日(日) 20時00分
NEDO（新エネルギー・産業技術総合開発機構）の和坂貞雄理事は1月24日の洋上風力発電に関する説明会で、「この分野では日本がリードできる余地が大きい」と力強い口調で述べた。
風力発電は陸上と洋上で行われているものがあり、陸上については現在、世界中ですでに233GW（ギガワット）の電力がつくられている。これは、原子力発電233基分に相当する。その多くが欧米で、日本はわずか2.5GW。全体の約100分の1という状況だ。
陸上風力発電の技術やノウハウは欧米のほうが上。ベスタス社（デンマーク）とGE社（米国）の2社で25％以上のシェアを誇っている。日本でトップの三菱重工業でさえ、2％という状況である。日本勢がこの分野で活路を見いだしていくのは困難といえる。
しかし、洋上風力発電となると、話が変わる。現在、世界的にはまだ原発4基分の4GWしか稼働していなく、勝負はこれから。技術的にも、洋上のほうが陸上よりも格段に難しいという。そのため、参入しない企業もある。
「われわれは7MW（メガワット）という世界最大のものを開発し、すでに製作して試運転もしている。洋上の場合は、日本に大きなポテンシャルがあると思う」と和坂理事。陸上では欧米勢の後塵を拝してきたが、洋上では日本の技術力を結集して、高いシェアを獲得していく考えだ。
富士経済、2030年の洋上風力発電システム市場3兆875億円を予測
風力発電は陸上と洋上で行われているものがあり、陸上については現在、世界中ですでに233GW（ギガワット）の電力がつくられている。これは、原子力発電233基分に相当する。その多くが欧米で、日本はわずか2.5GW。全体の約100分の1という状況だ。
陸上風力発電の技術やノウハウは欧米のほうが上。ベスタス社（デンマーク）とGE社（米国）の2社で25％以上のシェアを誇っている。日本でトップの三菱重工業でさえ、2％という状況である。日本勢がこの分野で活路を見いだしていくのは困難といえる。
しかし、洋上風力発電となると、話が変わる。現在、世界的にはまだ原発4基分の4GWしか稼働していなく、勝負はこれから。技術的にも、洋上のほうが陸上よりも格段に難しいという。そのため、参入しない企業もある。
「われわれは7MW（メガワット）という世界最大のものを開発し、すでに製作して試運転もしている。洋上の場合は、日本に大きなポテンシャルがあると思う」と和坂理事。陸上では欧米勢の後塵を拝してきたが、洋上では日本の技術力を結集して、高いシェアを獲得していく考えだ。
《山田清志@レスポンス》
【関連記事】
東芝など、洋上風力発電の建設と事業化に関する共同研究会
日立、世界初の5MW級ダウンウィンド洋上風力発電システムを開発へ東芝など、洋上風力発電の建設と事業化に関する共同研究会
富士経済、2030年の洋上風力発電システム市場3兆875億円を予測
鳳兮，鳳兮！
楚狂接輿歌
『論語・微子』
鳳兮，鳳兮！
何德之衰。
往者不可諫，
來者猶可追。
已而！已而！
今之從政者殆而。
何德之衰。
往者不可諫，
來者猶可追。
已而！已而！
今之從政者殆而。
楚狂 接輿歌
鳳や， 鳳や，
何ぞ 德の衰へたる。
往く者は 諫（いさ）むべからず，
來る者は 猶（な）ほ 追ふべし。
已（や）みなん！ 已（や）みなん！
今の 政に 從ふ者は 殆（あやふ）し。
◎ 私感訳註：
※楚狂接輿歌：楚狂：楚の国の狂人。接輿：〔せふよ；jie1yu2〕この歌の中心人物の名前になる。孔子の乗った輿（こし、かご、車、乗り物）に近づいた人、の意。 ・歌：『論語・卷九・微子第十八』に「楚狂接輿歌而過孔子曰：」とあって、やがてこの歌の「『鳳兮，鳳兮！何德之衰也。往者不可諫（也），來者猶可追（也）。已而，已而！今之從政者殆而。』」へと続く。その後は「孔子下，欲與之（楚狂を指す）言，趨而辟之（孔子を指す），不得與之（楚狂を指す）言。」となっている。孔子がこの歌は『莊子・人間世』「孔子適楚，楚狂接輿遊其門曰：「鳳兮！鳳兮！何如德之衰也！來世不可待，往世不可追也。天下有道，聖人成焉；天下無道，聖人生焉。方今之時，僅免刑焉。福輕乎羽，莫之知載；禍重乎地，莫之知避。已乎已乎，臨人以德！殆乎殆乎，畫地而趨！迷陽迷陽，無傷吾行！吾行郤曲，無傷吾足！」となっている。
※鳳兮，鳳兮：鳳凰よ、鳳凰よ。孔子よ、孔子よ。 ・鳳：高い徳の備わった想像上の霊鳥。麒麟同様、徳の高い天子が出た場合に現れる想像上の霊鳥。ここでは、徳をいう孔子を指す。鳳凰。 ・兮：韻文としてのリズムをとっていて、実質上の押韻の補助をしている。後出の「而」に同じ。
※何德之衰：なんと、徳の衰えた時代となったことか。 ・何：なんと。 ・德：徳。道をふまえた立派な行い。 ・衰：衰える。この時代の社会の様相を言う。
※往者不可諫：過去は諫め正すことができないが。 ・往者：過去。過ぎ去ったこと。 ・不可：…できない。 ・諫：いさめる。ここでは、いさめ正す。
※來者猶可追：将来。これから先のことは、まだ猶も追いかけて、変更できる。 ・來者：将来。これから来るところ。 ・猶：なおも。 ・可追：追いかけることができる。
※已而！已而：よした、よした。やめた、やめた。おしまいだ、おしまいだ。楚狂接輿が孔子に話しかけている語なので、語りかけの言葉、或いは呟きのことば。『歸去來兮辭』の「已矣乎」
に意味は同じ。ただしそちらは後者の意になる。 ・已：やむ。 ・而：韻文としてのリズムをとり、実質上の押韻の補助をしている。前出の「兮」に同じ。※今之從政者殆而：今の時代の政治に携わっている者は、滅亡が近い。 ・今之從政者：今の時代の政治に携わっている者。 ・殆：あやうい。不安。危険。滅亡が近い。あやぶむ。
◎ 構成について
韻式は「ａａbb」。韻脚は「衰追」〔-ゐ韻 -wi韻〕、「已殆」〔-い韻 -i韻〕。平水韻の韻部でいえば、上平四支（衰追）。上声十賄（殆）。上声四紙（已）。次の平仄はこの作品のもの。
●○，●○。
○●○○。（韻）
●●●●●，
○●○●○。（韻）
●○，（韻） ●○，（韻）
○○○●●●○。（韻）
青字と赤字が押韻している。紫字や黒字は虚字脚
といえる。鳳兮，鳳兮，
何德之衰。
往者不可諫，
來者猶可追。已而！已而！
今之從政者殆而。http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~shici/pb03.htm
======================================================
http://blog.mage8.com/rongo-18-05
孔子の論語 微子第十八の五 楚の狂接輿、歌いて孔子を過ぐ
孔子の論語の翻訳476回目、微子第十八の五でござる。
漢文
楚狂接輿歌而過孔子、曰、鳳兮鳳兮、何徳之衰也、徃者不可諌也、來者猶可追也、已而已而、今之從政者殆而、孔子下欲與之言、趨而辟之、不得與之言。
書き下し文
楚の狂接輿(きょうせつよ)、歌いて孔子を過ぐ、曰わく、鳳(おおとり)よ鳳よ、何ぞ徳の衰えたる。往(ゆ)く者は諌(いさ)むべからず、来たる者は猶(な)お追うべし。已(や)みなん已みなん。今の政(まつりごと)に従う者は殆(あや)うし。孔子下(お)りてこれと言(い)わんと欲す。趨(はし)りてこれを辟(さ)く。これを言うことを得ず。
英訳文
Jie Yu, the lunatic of Chu, sang a song passing Confucius, “Phoenix, phoenix, you waste your virtue. It is useless to advise on the past. But I can advise on the future. Stop it. Stop it. A person who engages in politics is danger now.” Confucius got off the carriage and wanted to talk with him. But Confucius could not talk, because Jie Yu ran away.
現代語訳
楚の狂人・接輿(せつよ)という者が、孔子の側を歌いながら通り過ぎた。
「鳳(おおとり：鳳凰)よ、鳳よ、なんと徳を衰えさせたものだ。過ぎた事を言っても仕方ないが、これからの事はまだ間に合う。止めなさい、止めなさい。今の世に政治に関わるのは危険だ。」
孔子は馬車から降りて接輿と語り合いたいと思われたが、接輿は走って逃げてしまったので話ができなかった。
Translated by へいはちろう
接輿(せつよ：楚の狂人・隠者。姓は陸、名は通。楚昭王の時に政治が乱れたので、接輿は髪を剃って狂人のふりをして世を避けた。)
日本語で読むと解らないのでござるが、接輿の歌った詩は韻を踏んでいて、内容もさる事ながら接輿がただの狂人ではない事を表しているのでござる。
孔子はこの歌を聞いて接輿が只者ではないと思って語り合おうとしたが、逃げられてしまったという事でござる。
微子第十八の英訳をまとめて読みたい御仁は本サイトの論語 微子第十八を英訳を見て下され。
2013年1月24日木曜日
植草一秀の『知られざる真実』 日本経済の問題根幹は｢物価｣ではなく「景気」だ
植草一秀の『知られざる真実』
http://uekusak.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2013/01/post-81b0.html
日本経済の問題根幹は｢物価｣ではなく「景気」だ
正しい部分もあるが大きく間違っている部分もある。
これを正しく整理して、正しい部分を残し、間違っている部分を正す必要がある。
アベノミクスの間違っている点を改めて示す。
三つある。
第一は、物価の問題と景気の問題を混同していること
第二は、中央銀行の独立性を排除しようとしていること
第三は、財政政策の中身を改悪しようとしていること
である。
正しい部分は何か。
それは、日本経済を再建するために財政政策の活用を示したことだ。
この点は進歩が見られる。
財政政策の適切な活用を行わなければ日本経済の改善も財政再建も実現しない。私はこの主張を２０年以上示し続けてきた。
これに対して、例えば竹中平蔵氏などは、財政政策活用は「時代遅れの考え方」、「オールドケインジアンの主張」などと罵倒していた。
ところが、クルーグマン教授などが財政政策の必要性を肯定的に主張し、実際に米国が２００９年に大規模財政再策を実行するなどの現実が示されてきた。これらが背景だったのだろう。２００１～３年にはケインズ政策を罵倒していた竹中氏などの発言が急変した。いまは、財政政策も必要などと言うようになっている。しっかりとした学問的な土台がないのだと思われる。
間違っていた考え方を正したことを望ましいことだが、かつて間違いはしっかり反省してもらいたい。
これらは私が２０年来主張してきたことである。詳しくは拙著『日本の総決算』（講談社）や『金利為替株価の政治経済学』（岩波書店）、『現代日本経済政策論』（岩波書店）などをご高覧賜りたい。ようやくこの主張に対する賛同者が増えてきた。
しかし、安倍政権の間違っている部分は正さねばならない。
その第一は、「景気」と「物価」を混同していることだ。
「景気」と「物価」は別の問題である。
「物価」が上がっても「景気」が良くなるとは限らない。「物価」が上がって「景気」が悪化したら最悪である。これを「スタグフレーション」と呼ぶ。
安倍政権は「物価上昇率」の引上げに熱心だが、「物価上昇率」が上昇して国民の生活が良くなるわけではない。
インフレや円安で利得を得るのは、借金をしている人、輸出企業、そして、ドル建て資産を保有している人々だ。
物価が上がり、景気が悪くなる「スタグフレーション」が生まれないとはまったく言い切れない。
もっとも重要な事実は、日本政府が巨大な借金を抱えているという現実にある。
政府は激しいインフレを常に熱望している。
激しいインフレがたった一回起これば、借金を帳消しにできるからだ。
この熱望を持つ政府の支配下に日銀を置いて良いわけがない。
私は断言する。日銀が政府支配下に置かれることになれば、将来、必ず激しいインフレが引き起こされる。
激しいインフレを引き起こす方法はいくらでもある。
その実例を後段で紹介する。
これを「非伝統的手段」と呼ぶ。
「非伝統的手段」を用いればインフレを誘導できる。問題はそれが正しいのかどうかだ。
「景気をよくする政策」は正しいが、「インフレ率を引き上げる政策」は無条件で正しいとは言えない。
この点を踏まえると、日銀の独立性を奪う政策を実行することは間違っているというのが私の見解だ。
「財政民主主義」が破壊されて「財政利権主義」に完全回帰した。
これが財政政策の中身の問題である。
続きは本日の
メルマガ版「植草一秀の『知られざる真実』」第472号「アベノミクスの誤り正す真の処方箋はこれだ」
でご購読下さい。
http://uekusak.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2013/01/post-81b0.html
日本経済の問題根幹は｢物価｣ではなく「景気」だ
正しい部分もあるが大きく間違っている部分もある。
これを正しく整理して、正しい部分を残し、間違っている部分を正す必要がある。
アベノミクスの間違っている点を改めて示す。
三つある。
第一は、物価の問題と景気の問題を混同していること
第二は、中央銀行の独立性を排除しようとしていること
第三は、財政政策の中身を改悪しようとしていること
である。
正しい部分は何か。
それは、日本経済を再建するために財政政策の活用を示したことだ。
この点は進歩が見られる。
これは２０年来、私が提唱してきたことである。
財政政策の適切な活用を行わなければ日本経済の改善も財政再建も実現しない。私はこの主張を２０年以上示し続けてきた。
これに対して、例えば竹中平蔵氏などは、財政政策活用は「時代遅れの考え方」、「オールドケインジアンの主張」などと罵倒していた。
ところが、クルーグマン教授などが財政政策の必要性を肯定的に主張し、実際に米国が２００９年に大規模財政再策を実行するなどの現実が示されてきた。これらが背景だったのだろう。２００１～３年にはケインズ政策を罵倒していた竹中氏などの発言が急変した。いまは、財政政策も必要などと言うようになっている。しっかりとした学問的な土台がないのだと思われる。
間違っていた考え方を正したことを望ましいことだが、かつて間違いはしっかり反省してもらいたい。
経済の本格改善を実現するには、財政政策と金融政策の総動員が必要で、これと並行して、長期的に経済を活性化させる「構造改善策」が必要になる。財政健全化は重要な課題だが、これも経済の再生なくして実現しない。
これらは私が２０年来主張してきたことである。詳しくは拙著『日本の総決算』（講談社）や『金利為替株価の政治経済学』（岩波書店）、『現代日本経済政策論』（岩波書店）などをご高覧賜りたい。ようやくこの主張に対する賛同者が増えてきた。
しかし、安倍政権の間違っている部分は正さねばならない。
その第一は、「景気」と「物価」を混同していることだ。
「景気」と「物価」は別の問題である。
「物価」が上がっても「景気」が良くなるとは限らない。「物価」が上がって「景気」が悪化したら最悪である。これを「スタグフレーション」と呼ぶ。
安倍政権は「物価上昇率」の引上げに熱心だが、「物価上昇率」が上昇して国民の生活が良くなるわけではない。
インフレや円安で利得を得るのは、借金をしている人、輸出企業、そして、ドル建て資産を保有している人々だ。
ただ、これはコインの裏表の一方だから、必ずその裏側がある。
預金者は押し入り強盗に遭ったように預金の価値を失う。輸入車は支払金額を強制的に増大させられる。ガソリン価格も灯油価格も上がるのだ。
物価が上がるだけで、景気が良くなる保証は存在しない。
物価が上がり、景気が悪くなる「スタグフレーション」が生まれないとはまったく言い切れない。
これと二番目の問題がリンクする。
もっとも重要な事実は、日本政府が巨大な借金を抱えているという現実にある。
政府は激しいインフレを常に熱望している。
激しいインフレがたった一回起これば、借金を帳消しにできるからだ。
この熱望を持つ政府の支配下に日銀を置いて良いわけがない。
私は断言する。日銀が政府支配下に置かれることになれば、将来、必ず激しいインフレが引き起こされる。
なかなか物価上昇率が上がらないと言うが、物価上昇率を上げる手立てがないわけではない。
激しいインフレを引き起こす方法はいくらでもある。
その実例を後段で紹介する。
これを「非伝統的手段」と呼ぶ。
「非伝統的手段」を用いればインフレを誘導できる。問題はそれが正しいのかどうかだ。
「景気をよくする政策」は正しいが、「インフレ率を引き上げる政策」は無条件で正しいとは言えない。
この点を踏まえると、日銀の独立性を奪う政策を実行することは間違っているというのが私の見解だ。
他方で、安倍政権の経済政策は日本政治の時計の針を大きく逆戻りさせるものである。
「財政民主主義」が破壊されて「財政利権主義」に完全回帰した。
これが財政政策の中身の問題である。
続きは本日の
メルマガ版「植草一秀の『知られざる真実』」第472号「アベノミクスの誤り正す真の処方箋はこれだ」
でご購読下さい。
2013年1月21日月曜日
President Obama takes the Oath of Office
President Obama takes the Oath of Office
公開日: 2013/01/20
President Barack Obama takes the oath of office in an official swearing-in ceremony at the White House. January 20, 2013.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/photos-and-video/video/2013/01/20/president-obama-takes-oath-office
http://govne.ws/whlive
===========================================================
2013 Inauguration Ceremony
whitehouse·
公開日: 2013/01/21
Watch the complete ceremony marking the second inauguration of President Barack Obama.
===========================================================
Our journey is not complete
whitehouse·
公開日: 2013/01/21
"It is now our generation's task to carry on what those pioneers began..."
===========================================================
The 57th Presidential Inauguration
whitehouse·
配信日: 2013/01/21
The President and Vice President formally recommit themselves to serving the American people.
===========================================================
The Inauguration of a President
公開日: 2013/01/21
公開日: 2013/01/20
President Barack Obama takes the oath of office in an official swearing-in ceremony at the White House. January 20, 2013.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/photos-and-video/video/2013/01/20/president-obama-takes-oath-office
http://govne.ws/whlive
===========================================================
2013 Inauguration Ceremony
whitehouse·公開日: 2013/01/21
Watch the complete ceremony marking the second inauguration of President Barack Obama.
===========================================================
Our journey is not complete
whitehouse·公開日: 2013/01/21
"It is now our generation's task to carry on what those pioneers began..."
===========================================================
The 57th Presidential Inauguration
whitehouse·配信日: 2013/01/21
The President and Vice President formally recommit themselves to serving the American people.
===========================================================
The Inauguration of a President
公開日: 2013/01/21
Historians Robert Caro, Doris Kearns Goodwin, Douglas Brinkley and Michael Beschloss speak on the historical significance of a Presidential Inauguration and a President's second term.
アルカイダ系テロ組織は、世界の市民の共通の敵だ。
アルカイダ系テロ組織は、世界の市民の共通の敵だ。
Matuoka・Isenokamikaze
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https://twitter.com/i/connect
ペコリーナ@pekomaru514
「アルカイダ系テロ組織を粉砕する」とクリントン国務長官。しかし、問題は方法ですね。そして、テロ組織の成り立ちの経緯も無視してはいけません。大変な難問です。RT @matuoka7ocean アルカイダ系テロ組織は、世界の市民の共通の敵 http://youtu.be/AN8K2aWIVQ0
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クリントン国務長官「全力でアルカイダ粉砕する」（13/01/18）
公開日: 2013/01/17
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jan/21/algerian-hostage-toll-rises-81
News
Algerian hostage toll rises with reports of Japanese deaths
The death toll from the four-day siege at an Algerian gas plant deep in the Sahara has risen to at least 81, with nine Japanese nationals also reported killed in an attack claimed by a veteran Islamist fighter on behalf of al-Qaida.
The Algerian prime minister, Abdelmalek Sellal, is expected to give details at a news conference on Monday about one of the worst international hostage crises in decades, which left British, American, French, Japanese, Norwegian and Romanian workers dead or missing.
A security source said on Sunday that Algerian troops had found the bodies of 25 hostages, raising the total number of hostages killed to 48 and the total number of deaths to at least 80. He said six militants were captured alive and troops were searching for others.
That number climbed further on Monday when a Japanese government source said the Algerian government had informed Tokyo that nine of its citizens had been killed, the biggest toll so far among foreigners at the plant.
Veteran Islamist fighter Mokhtar Belmokhtar claimed responsibility for the attack on behalf of al-Qaida.
"We in al-Qaida announce this blessed operation," he said in a video, according to Sahara Media, a regional website. He said about 40 attackers participated in the raid, roughly matching the government's figures for fighters killed and captured.
The fighters came out of the desert and seized the facility on Wednesday, capturing a plant that produces 10% of Algeria's natural gas exports and residential barracks nearby.
They demanded an end to French air strikes against Islamist fighters in neighbouring Mali that had begun five days earlier. However, US and European officials doubt such a complex raid could have been organised quickly enough to have been conceived as a direct response to the French military intervention.
David Cameron has warned that the fight against terrorism in north Africa could last for decades as he confirmed that six Britons and a British resident were believed to have died.
The prime minister said the seizure of the In Amenas gas facility by a group of international jihadists was a stark reminder of the threat from terrorism the world over. He pledged a global response to what he described as a global threat.
"It will require a response that is about years, even decades, rather than months," Cameron said. "Tragically, we now know that three British nationals have been killed, and a further three are believed to be dead. And a further British resident is also dead."
He said the "whole country" would join him in sending condolences to the victims' families.
Cameron was speaking hours before the first of the British victims was identified on Sunday night as Paul Thomas Morgan, 46. In a statement issued by the Foreign Office, his family described him as a "true gentleman" who "loved life and lived it to the full" and "died doing the job he loved".
Morgan was reported to have been a veteran of the 1991 Gulf war and former French Foreign Legionnaire working as a liaison between workers and local security staff. Originally from Liverpool but living in Spain, he was said to have been in a bus going to the airport to return home following a one-month stint when the attack took place.
The prime minister's statement is a recognition that the Arab spring has irrevocably changed the dynamics of the wider region, ushering in new democratic possibilities but also dangers from unpredictable, ruthless and well-organised extremist groups.
Asked if the current al-Qaida threat to north Africa was comparable to the threat in Afghanistan a decade ago, Cameron replied: "It is different in scale but there are similarities."
He added: "What we face is an extremist Islamist violent al-Qaida-linked terrorist group – just as we have to deal with that in Pakistan and Afghanistan."
A further 22 Britons involved in the crisis at the In Amenas gas facility have returned to the UK, the Foreign Office said. The Algerian authorities said they had captured alive six members of the militant group during a search of the complex.
Amid confusion about what precisely happened on Saturday, Algerian forces searching the refinery for explosives on Sunday found dozens more bodies, many so badly disfigured it was unclear whether they were hostages or militants, a security official said.
Speaking on Sunday, Alan Wright, who survived the attack, described how he hid in an office after the jihadists stormed the compound last Wednesday.
Wright, 37, a BP employee, said he eventually joined Algerian colleagues who fled by cutting their way out through a fence.
"If you have been captured, there's pretty much no escape and it is going to take a miracle to get you out," he told Sky News. He said the expatriates were surprisingly calm as word of the attack spread with everyone "going into safe mode".
The most chilling moment came when one of the hostage-takers walked past their building and said good morning in a friendly Arabic voice, trying to trick the foreigners out, he said. "That was the first moment when we thought we are in big trouble here," Wright said.
Speaking on the BBC's Andrew Marr Show, William Hague, the foreign secretary, said it was "quite likely" some of the Britons were executed by the hostage-takers, who identified themselves as the Signers in Blood – a splinter group of al-Qaida in the Islamic Mahgreb (AQIM).
Communications minister Mohamed Said admitted the final death toll "strongly risked being revised to a higher figure". Earlier, the Algerian authorities had said 107 foreign hostages and 685 Algerian nationals were freed.
Among those reportedly shot dead was Abdul Rahman al-Nigeri, a terrorist from Niger, who is thought to have led the jihadist group that attacked the desert plant, initially ambushing a convoy of buses leaving with expats for the airport. The attackers came from six different countries, Said said. At least eight Algerian hostages died, together with nine Japanese nationals and one from France. One American was confirmed dead.
Statoil, the Norwegian company that runs the plant alongside Britain's BP and Algeria's state oil company, said five Norwegian staff were missing.
France's foreign minister, Laurent Fabius, also expressed solidarity with Algeria, which has battled a major Islamist insurgency since the 1990s. He said: "Faced with terrorism, we have to be unwavering. These are killers, they pillage, they rape, they sack."
The situation was dreadful, he said, adding: "The Algerians know at what point terrorism is an absolute evil."
Fabius rejected suggestions that he was being soft on Algeria because France needed – and had been given – permission by Algiers to overfly its territory during France's military intervention in neighbouring Mali.
President Barack Obama said the US would ask Algeria for a full explanation of what happened, but said: "The blame for this tragedy rests with the terrorists."
Cameron will chair a meeting on Monday of the government's crisis response committee, Cobra, to discuss Algeria, and will make a statement on the attack in the Commons. The National Security Council is meeting on Tuesday to discuss the threat posed by AQIM. "We have already been looking a lot at the threat posed by AQIM, but more work will need to be done," said a source.
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jan/20/david-cameron-algerian-hostage-crisis?intcmp=239
David Cameron said the Algerian hostage crisis was a stark reminder of the threat from terrorism. Photograph: Oli Scarff/Getty Images
David Cameron has warned that the fight against terrorism in north Africa could go on for decades as he confirmed that six Britons and a British resident are believed to have died in the Algerian hostage crisis.
The prime minister said the seizure of a Saharan gas facility by a group of international jihadists last week was a stark reminder of the threat from terrorism the world over.
He pledged a global response to what he described as a global threat.
"It will require a response that is about years, even decades, rather than months," Cameron said. "Tragically, we now know that three British nationals have been killed, and a further three are believed to be dead. And a further British resident is also dead."
The prime minister said the "whole country" would join him in sending condolences to the victims' families.
Cameron was speaking hours before the first of the British victims was identified on Sunday night as Paul Thomas Morgan, 46.
In a statement issued by the Foreign Office, his family described him as a "true gentleman" who "loved life and lived it to the full" and "died doing the job he loved".
Morgan was reported to have been a veteran of the 1991 Gulf War and former French Foreign Legionnaire working as a liaison between workers and local security staff. Originally from Liverpool but now living in Spain, he was said to have been in a bus going to the airport to return home following a one-month stint when the attack happened.
The prime minister's statement is a recognition that the Arab spring has irrevocably changed the dynamics of the wider region, ushering in new democratic possibilities but also dangers from unpredictable, ruthless and well-organised extremist groups.
Asked if the current al-Qaida threat to north Africa was comparable to the threat in Afghanistan a decade ago, Cameron replied: "It is different in scale but there are similarities."
He added: "What we face is an extremist Islamist violent al-Qaida-linked terrorist group – just as we have to deal with that in Pakistan and Afghanistan."
A further 22 Britons involved in the crisis at the In Amenas gas facility have returned to the UK, the Foreign Office said. The Algerian authorities said they had captured alive six members of the militant group during a search of the complex.
Amid confusion about what precisely happened on Saturday, the death toll climbed to at least 81 on Sunday as Algerian forces searching the refinery for explosives found dozens more bodies, many so badly disfigured it was unclear whether they were hostages or militants, a security official said.
The Algerian authorities said after the assault that at least 32 extremists and 23 hostages were killed, but Algerian bomb squads sent in to blow up or defuse explosives were said to have found 25 bodies where were difficult to identify.
Speaking on Sunday, Alan Wright, who survived the attack, described how he hid in an office after the jihadists stormed the compound last Wednesday.
Wright, 37, a BP employee, said he eventually joined Algerian colleagues who fled by cutting their way out through a fence.
"If you have been captured, there's pretty much no escape and it is going to take a miracle to get you out," he told Sky News. He said the expatriates were surprisingly calm as word of the attack spread with everyone "going into safe mode".
The most chilling moment came when one of the hostage-takers walked past their building and said good morning in a friendly Arabic voice, trying to trick the foreigners out, he said. "That was the first moment when we thought we are in big trouble here," Wright said.
Speaking on the BBC's Andrew Marr Show, William Hague, the foreign secretary, said it was "quite likely" some of the Britons were executed by the hostage-takers, who identified themselves as the Signers in Blood – a splinter group of al-Qaida in the Islamic Mahgreb (AQIM).
Communications minister Mohamed Said admitted the final death toll "strongly risked being revised to a higher figure". Earlier, the Algerian authorities had said 107 foreign hostages and 685 Algerian nationals were freed.
Among those reportedly shot dead was Abdul Rahman al-Nigeri, a terrorist from Niger, who is thought to have led the jihadist group that attacked the desert plant, initially ambushing a convoy of buses leaving with expats for the airport. The attackers came from six different countries, Said said. At least eight Algerian hostages died, together with nine Japanese nationals and one from France. One American was confirmed dead.
Statoil, the Norwegian company that runs the plant alongside Britain's BP and Algeria's state oil company, said five Norwegian staff were missing.
Cameron told the Commons on Friday he was disappointed not to have been informed about the Algerian military assault. On Sunday, however, the prime minister refrained from criticising Algeria's handling of the hostage crisis, noting that Algerian soldiers had also died.
He stressed that responsibility for the "vicious and cowardly attack" lay squarely with the terrorists. He added: "When you are dealing with a terrorist incident on this scale with up to 30 terrorists, it is extremely difficult to respond and get this right in every respect."
France's foreign minister, Laurent Fabius, also expressed solidarity with Algeria, which has battled a major Islamist insurgency since the 1990s. Fabius said: "Faced with terrorism, we have to be unwavering. These are killers, they pillage, they rape, they sack."
The situation was dreadful, he said, adding: "The Algerians know at what point terrorism is an absolute evil."
Fabius rejected suggestions that he was being soft on Algeria because France needed – and had been given – permission by Algiers to overfly its territory during France's military intervention in neighbouring Mali.
US president Barack Obama said the US would ask Algeria for a full explanation of what happened, but said: "The blame for this tragedy rests with the terrorists."
Cameron will chair a meeting of the government's crisis response committee, Cobra, to discuss Algeria on Monday, and will make a statement on the attack in the Commons. The National Security Council is meeting on Tuesday to discuss the threat posed by AQIM. "We have already been looking a lot at the threat posed by AQIM, but more work will need to be done," said a source.
David Hartwell, an analyst with IHS Jane's, questioned whether "al-Qaida" was the best way to describe a diverse and fluid network of local Islamist groups across north Africa. The faction that carried out last week's assault is led by Mokhtar Belmokhtar, a jihadist known for cigarette smuggling and nicknamed "Mr Marlboro".
"Belmokhtar is a bit of a loose cannon and has been for decades," Hartwell said. "He's always been more of a warlord interested in smuggling and making money than fighting for any particular cause. Perhaps he was being sub-contracted in this instance. All these groups pay lip service to the al-Qaida brand, but they are more plugged into regional dynamics."
In a video on Sunday, Belmokhtar reportedly claimed responsibility. He said the raid on the gas plant had been carried out by al-Qaida in protest at France's bombing of Muslims in Mali. He said he was prepared to "negotiate with the west" if French attacks on Islamist militants in northern Mali were halted.
Hartwell said nobody should be surprised at the bloody denouement to the hostage crisis. Algeria's security forces had used brutal tactics to suppress Islamist militancy for two decades. "They reacted to the hostage crisis in traditional style. That's the way they operate," he said.
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参考リンク：
http://uncoveringtheworld.wordpress.com/2013/01/18/dead-hostage-in-algeria-killed-during-aircraft-attack/
http://www.reuters.com/article/slideshow/idUSBRE90H1DE20130121#a=1
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http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20130120-00000080-jij-pol
無能の自民党の石破。こんなアホで、視点が狂った、うすら馬鹿、どこぞに放り出せ。
このようなテロ事件で、自衛隊の派遣を検討する。
検討するなら、自衛隊を解体・解散させて、平和部隊を形成して、国際的に、認知されてからの話だ。
ましてや、現地の日本の政府外交部員（武官も含む）は、この事件で、どのような役割をしたのか。
はなはだ疑問である。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
Matuoka・Isenokamikaze
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https://twitter.com/i/connect
ペコリーナ@pekomaru514
「アルカイダ系テロ組織を粉砕する」とクリントン国務長官。しかし、問題は方法ですね。そして、テロ組織の成り立ちの経緯も無視してはいけません。大変な難問です。RT @matuoka7ocean アルカイダ系テロ組織は、世界の市民の共通の敵 http://youtu.be/AN8K2aWIVQ0
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クリントン国務長官「全力でアルカイダ粉砕する」（13/01/18）
公開日: 2013/01/17
「全力を挙げて粉砕する」。アルジェリアの拘束事件を受けて、アメリカのクリントン国務長官は、アフリカ北西部に拠点を置くアルカイダ系テロ組織を殲滅（せんめつ）する決
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jan/21/algerian-hostage-toll-rises-81
News
Algerian hostage toll rises with reports of Japanese deaths
At least nine Japanese nationals reported killed in attack claimed by veteran Islamist fighter on behalf of al-Qaida
Paul Thomas Morgan, who was killed during the hostage crisis at the In Amenas gas plant and the first British victim to be identified. Photograph: Reuters
The Algerian prime minister, Abdelmalek Sellal, is expected to give details at a news conference on Monday about one of the worst international hostage crises in decades, which left British, American, French, Japanese, Norwegian and Romanian workers dead or missing.
A security source said on Sunday that Algerian troops had found the bodies of 25 hostages, raising the total number of hostages killed to 48 and the total number of deaths to at least 80. He said six militants were captured alive and troops were searching for others.
That number climbed further on Monday when a Japanese government source said the Algerian government had informed Tokyo that nine of its citizens had been killed, the biggest toll so far among foreigners at the plant.
Veteran Islamist fighter Mokhtar Belmokhtar claimed responsibility for the attack on behalf of al-Qaida.
"We in al-Qaida announce this blessed operation," he said in a video, according to Sahara Media, a regional website. He said about 40 attackers participated in the raid, roughly matching the government's figures for fighters killed and captured.
The fighters came out of the desert and seized the facility on Wednesday, capturing a plant that produces 10% of Algeria's natural gas exports and residential barracks nearby.
They demanded an end to French air strikes against Islamist fighters in neighbouring Mali that had begun five days earlier. However, US and European officials doubt such a complex raid could have been organised quickly enough to have been conceived as a direct response to the French military intervention.
David Cameron has warned that the fight against terrorism in north Africa could last for decades as he confirmed that six Britons and a British resident were believed to have died.
The prime minister said the seizure of the In Amenas gas facility by a group of international jihadists was a stark reminder of the threat from terrorism the world over. He pledged a global response to what he described as a global threat.
"It will require a response that is about years, even decades, rather than months," Cameron said. "Tragically, we now know that three British nationals have been killed, and a further three are believed to be dead. And a further British resident is also dead."
He said the "whole country" would join him in sending condolences to the victims' families.
Cameron was speaking hours before the first of the British victims was identified on Sunday night as Paul Thomas Morgan, 46. In a statement issued by the Foreign Office, his family described him as a "true gentleman" who "loved life and lived it to the full" and "died doing the job he loved".
Morgan was reported to have been a veteran of the 1991 Gulf war and former French Foreign Legionnaire working as a liaison between workers and local security staff. Originally from Liverpool but living in Spain, he was said to have been in a bus going to the airport to return home following a one-month stint when the attack took place.
The prime minister's statement is a recognition that the Arab spring has irrevocably changed the dynamics of the wider region, ushering in new democratic possibilities but also dangers from unpredictable, ruthless and well-organised extremist groups.
Asked if the current al-Qaida threat to north Africa was comparable to the threat in Afghanistan a decade ago, Cameron replied: "It is different in scale but there are similarities."
He added: "What we face is an extremist Islamist violent al-Qaida-linked terrorist group – just as we have to deal with that in Pakistan and Afghanistan."
A further 22 Britons involved in the crisis at the In Amenas gas facility have returned to the UK, the Foreign Office said. The Algerian authorities said they had captured alive six members of the militant group during a search of the complex.
Amid confusion about what precisely happened on Saturday, Algerian forces searching the refinery for explosives on Sunday found dozens more bodies, many so badly disfigured it was unclear whether they were hostages or militants, a security official said.
Speaking on Sunday, Alan Wright, who survived the attack, described how he hid in an office after the jihadists stormed the compound last Wednesday.
Wright, 37, a BP employee, said he eventually joined Algerian colleagues who fled by cutting their way out through a fence.
"If you have been captured, there's pretty much no escape and it is going to take a miracle to get you out," he told Sky News. He said the expatriates were surprisingly calm as word of the attack spread with everyone "going into safe mode".
The most chilling moment came when one of the hostage-takers walked past their building and said good morning in a friendly Arabic voice, trying to trick the foreigners out, he said. "That was the first moment when we thought we are in big trouble here," Wright said.
Speaking on the BBC's Andrew Marr Show, William Hague, the foreign secretary, said it was "quite likely" some of the Britons were executed by the hostage-takers, who identified themselves as the Signers in Blood – a splinter group of al-Qaida in the Islamic Mahgreb (AQIM).
Communications minister Mohamed Said admitted the final death toll "strongly risked being revised to a higher figure". Earlier, the Algerian authorities had said 107 foreign hostages and 685 Algerian nationals were freed.
Among those reportedly shot dead was Abdul Rahman al-Nigeri, a terrorist from Niger, who is thought to have led the jihadist group that attacked the desert plant, initially ambushing a convoy of buses leaving with expats for the airport. The attackers came from six different countries, Said said. At least eight Algerian hostages died, together with nine Japanese nationals and one from France. One American was confirmed dead.
Statoil, the Norwegian company that runs the plant alongside Britain's BP and Algeria's state oil company, said five Norwegian staff were missing.
France's foreign minister, Laurent Fabius, also expressed solidarity with Algeria, which has battled a major Islamist insurgency since the 1990s. He said: "Faced with terrorism, we have to be unwavering. These are killers, they pillage, they rape, they sack."
The situation was dreadful, he said, adding: "The Algerians know at what point terrorism is an absolute evil."
Fabius rejected suggestions that he was being soft on Algeria because France needed – and had been given – permission by Algiers to overfly its territory during France's military intervention in neighbouring Mali.
President Barack Obama said the US would ask Algeria for a full explanation of what happened, but said: "The blame for this tragedy rests with the terrorists."
Cameron will chair a meeting on Monday of the government's crisis response committee, Cobra, to discuss Algeria, and will make a statement on the attack in the Commons. The National Security Council is meeting on Tuesday to discuss the threat posed by AQIM. "We have already been looking a lot at the threat posed by AQIM, but more work will need to be done," said a source.
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jan/20/david-cameron-algerian-hostage-crisis?intcmp=239
David Cameron calls for 'global response' after Algerian hostage crisis
Prime minister warns of 'decades' of struggle against terrorism in north Africa after six Britons and a UK resident are killed
David Cameron said the Algerian hostage crisis was a stark reminder of the threat from terrorism. Photograph: Oli Scarff/Getty Images
David Cameron has warned that the fight against terrorism in north Africa could go on for decades as he confirmed that six Britons and a British resident are believed to have died in the Algerian hostage crisis.
The prime minister said the seizure of a Saharan gas facility by a group of international jihadists last week was a stark reminder of the threat from terrorism the world over.
He pledged a global response to what he described as a global threat.
"It will require a response that is about years, even decades, rather than months," Cameron said. "Tragically, we now know that three British nationals have been killed, and a further three are believed to be dead. And a further British resident is also dead."
The prime minister said the "whole country" would join him in sending condolences to the victims' families.
Cameron was speaking hours before the first of the British victims was identified on Sunday night as Paul Thomas Morgan, 46.
In a statement issued by the Foreign Office, his family described him as a "true gentleman" who "loved life and lived it to the full" and "died doing the job he loved".
Morgan was reported to have been a veteran of the 1991 Gulf War and former French Foreign Legionnaire working as a liaison between workers and local security staff. Originally from Liverpool but now living in Spain, he was said to have been in a bus going to the airport to return home following a one-month stint when the attack happened.
The prime minister's statement is a recognition that the Arab spring has irrevocably changed the dynamics of the wider region, ushering in new democratic possibilities but also dangers from unpredictable, ruthless and well-organised extremist groups.
Asked if the current al-Qaida threat to north Africa was comparable to the threat in Afghanistan a decade ago, Cameron replied: "It is different in scale but there are similarities."
He added: "What we face is an extremist Islamist violent al-Qaida-linked terrorist group – just as we have to deal with that in Pakistan and Afghanistan."
A further 22 Britons involved in the crisis at the In Amenas gas facility have returned to the UK, the Foreign Office said. The Algerian authorities said they had captured alive six members of the militant group during a search of the complex.
Amid confusion about what precisely happened on Saturday, the death toll climbed to at least 81 on Sunday as Algerian forces searching the refinery for explosives found dozens more bodies, many so badly disfigured it was unclear whether they were hostages or militants, a security official said.
The Algerian authorities said after the assault that at least 32 extremists and 23 hostages were killed, but Algerian bomb squads sent in to blow up or defuse explosives were said to have found 25 bodies where were difficult to identify.
Speaking on Sunday, Alan Wright, who survived the attack, described how he hid in an office after the jihadists stormed the compound last Wednesday.
Wright, 37, a BP employee, said he eventually joined Algerian colleagues who fled by cutting their way out through a fence.
"If you have been captured, there's pretty much no escape and it is going to take a miracle to get you out," he told Sky News. He said the expatriates were surprisingly calm as word of the attack spread with everyone "going into safe mode".
The most chilling moment came when one of the hostage-takers walked past their building and said good morning in a friendly Arabic voice, trying to trick the foreigners out, he said. "That was the first moment when we thought we are in big trouble here," Wright said.
Speaking on the BBC's Andrew Marr Show, William Hague, the foreign secretary, said it was "quite likely" some of the Britons were executed by the hostage-takers, who identified themselves as the Signers in Blood – a splinter group of al-Qaida in the Islamic Mahgreb (AQIM).
Communications minister Mohamed Said admitted the final death toll "strongly risked being revised to a higher figure". Earlier, the Algerian authorities had said 107 foreign hostages and 685 Algerian nationals were freed.
Among those reportedly shot dead was Abdul Rahman al-Nigeri, a terrorist from Niger, who is thought to have led the jihadist group that attacked the desert plant, initially ambushing a convoy of buses leaving with expats for the airport. The attackers came from six different countries, Said said. At least eight Algerian hostages died, together with nine Japanese nationals and one from France. One American was confirmed dead.
Statoil, the Norwegian company that runs the plant alongside Britain's BP and Algeria's state oil company, said five Norwegian staff were missing.
Cameron told the Commons on Friday he was disappointed not to have been informed about the Algerian military assault. On Sunday, however, the prime minister refrained from criticising Algeria's handling of the hostage crisis, noting that Algerian soldiers had also died.
He stressed that responsibility for the "vicious and cowardly attack" lay squarely with the terrorists. He added: "When you are dealing with a terrorist incident on this scale with up to 30 terrorists, it is extremely difficult to respond and get this right in every respect."
France's foreign minister, Laurent Fabius, also expressed solidarity with Algeria, which has battled a major Islamist insurgency since the 1990s. Fabius said: "Faced with terrorism, we have to be unwavering. These are killers, they pillage, they rape, they sack."
The situation was dreadful, he said, adding: "The Algerians know at what point terrorism is an absolute evil."
Fabius rejected suggestions that he was being soft on Algeria because France needed – and had been given – permission by Algiers to overfly its territory during France's military intervention in neighbouring Mali.
US president Barack Obama said the US would ask Algeria for a full explanation of what happened, but said: "The blame for this tragedy rests with the terrorists."
Cameron will chair a meeting of the government's crisis response committee, Cobra, to discuss Algeria on Monday, and will make a statement on the attack in the Commons. The National Security Council is meeting on Tuesday to discuss the threat posed by AQIM. "We have already been looking a lot at the threat posed by AQIM, but more work will need to be done," said a source.
David Hartwell, an analyst with IHS Jane's, questioned whether "al-Qaida" was the best way to describe a diverse and fluid network of local Islamist groups across north Africa. The faction that carried out last week's assault is led by Mokhtar Belmokhtar, a jihadist known for cigarette smuggling and nicknamed "Mr Marlboro".
"Belmokhtar is a bit of a loose cannon and has been for decades," Hartwell said. "He's always been more of a warlord interested in smuggling and making money than fighting for any particular cause. Perhaps he was being sub-contracted in this instance. All these groups pay lip service to the al-Qaida brand, but they are more plugged into regional dynamics."
In a video on Sunday, Belmokhtar reportedly claimed responsibility. He said the raid on the gas plant had been carried out by al-Qaida in protest at France's bombing of Muslims in Mali. He said he was prepared to "negotiate with the west" if French attacks on Islamist militants in northern Mali were halted.
Hartwell said nobody should be surprised at the bloody denouement to the hostage crisis. Algeria's security forces had used brutal tactics to suppress Islamist militancy for two decades. "They reacted to the hostage crisis in traditional style. That's the way they operate," he said.
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参考リンク：
http://uncoveringtheworld.wordpress.com/2013/01/18/dead-hostage-in-algeria-killed-during-aircraft-attack/
Insight: Algeria gas plant gives up its grisly secrets
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http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20130120-00000080-jij-pol
無能の自民党の石破。こんなアホで、視点が狂った、うすら馬鹿、どこぞに放り出せ。
このようなテロ事件で、自衛隊の派遣を検討する。
検討するなら、自衛隊を解体・解散させて、平和部隊を形成して、国際的に、認知されてからの話だ。
ましてや、現地の日本の政府外交部員（武官も含む）は、この事件で、どのような役割をしたのか。
はなはだ疑問である。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
2013年1月16日水曜日
ORPC TidGen Technology
ORPC TidGen Technology
公開日: 2012/12/03
This is a short clip taken from the ORPC TidGen presentation film edited by OREC. This technology was deployed in Cobscook Bay, Maine. As of October 2012, it was providing electricity to the grid. For more information on ORPC and their technologies visit their website, http://www.orpc.co/
カテゴリ
非営利団体と社会活動
==========================================================================
Beta TidGen Project
アップロード日: 2011/06/15
Ocean Renewable Power Company (ORPC) is a hydrokinetic industry leader developing proprietary power systems and commercial-scale projects that convert tidal, river and deep water ocean currents into clean, reliable, economic supplies of renewable electricity. As a vital next step in commercializing its family of modular power systems, ORPC carried out the Beta Pre-Commercial TidGen™ Power System Project (Beta TidGen™ Project), as described below. The Beta TidGen™ Project is the second tidal energy demonstration project ORPC has successfully implemented. The first, ORPC's yearlong Prototype TGU Demonstration Project in 2008, proved the technical viability of ORPC's proprietary turbine generator unit (TGU), the core component of ORPC's power systems.
In mid-2009, ORPC commenced the Beta TidGen™ Project's design phase, which improved and expanded on the prototype TGU's design to create a complete commercial-scale hydrokinetic power system, the Beta Pre-Commercial TidGen™ Power System (Beta TidGen™ System). In early March 2010, ORPC launched the Beta TidGen™ System—the largest ocean energy device ever deployed in U.S. waters—at the company's FERC-permitted site in Cobscook Bay, adjacent to Eastport and Lubec, Maine. ORPC fully commissioned the system in early August and carried out the project through mid-December 2010.
カテゴリ
科学と技術
==========================================================================
TidGen Bottom Support Frame Installation
公開日: 2012/04/10
ORPC's Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Project. The TidGen™ Bottom Support Frame Installed at our Project Site in Cobscook Bay.
カテゴリ
科学と技術
==========================================================================
Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Project
公開日: 2012/10/24
In 2012, following FERC approval, ORPC began the Maine Tidal Energy Project by installing a commercial TidGen™ Power System in Cobscook Bay. After running and monitoring this initial system for a year, we will install additional power systems over the ensuing three years to increase the project's output to up to 5 megawatts-enough electricity to power 1,200 Maine homes and businesses with clean tidal energy.
カテゴリ
科学と技術
==========================================================================
公開日: 2012/12/03
This is a short clip taken from the ORPC TidGen presentation film edited by OREC. This technology was deployed in Cobscook Bay, Maine. As of October 2012, it was providing electricity to the grid. For more information on ORPC and their technologies visit their website, http://www.orpc.co/
カテゴリ
非営利団体と社会活動
==========================================================================
Beta TidGen Project
アップロード日: 2011/06/15
Ocean Renewable Power Company (ORPC) is a hydrokinetic industry leader developing proprietary power systems and commercial-scale projects that convert tidal, river and deep water ocean currents into clean, reliable, economic supplies of renewable electricity. As a vital next step in commercializing its family of modular power systems, ORPC carried out the Beta Pre-Commercial TidGen™ Power System Project (Beta TidGen™ Project), as described below. The Beta TidGen™ Project is the second tidal energy demonstration project ORPC has successfully implemented. The first, ORPC's yearlong Prototype TGU Demonstration Project in 2008, proved the technical viability of ORPC's proprietary turbine generator unit (TGU), the core component of ORPC's power systems.
In mid-2009, ORPC commenced the Beta TidGen™ Project's design phase, which improved and expanded on the prototype TGU's design to create a complete commercial-scale hydrokinetic power system, the Beta Pre-Commercial TidGen™ Power System (Beta TidGen™ System). In early March 2010, ORPC launched the Beta TidGen™ System—the largest ocean energy device ever deployed in U.S. waters—at the company's FERC-permitted site in Cobscook Bay, adjacent to Eastport and Lubec, Maine. ORPC fully commissioned the system in early August and carried out the project through mid-December 2010.
カテゴリ
科学と技術
==========================================================================
TidGen Bottom Support Frame Installation
公開日: 2012/04/10
ORPC's Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Project. The TidGen™ Bottom Support Frame Installed at our Project Site in Cobscook Bay.
カテゴリ
科学と技術
==========================================================================
Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Project
公開日: 2012/10/24
In 2012, following FERC approval, ORPC began the Maine Tidal Energy Project by installing a commercial TidGen™ Power System in Cobscook Bay. After running and monitoring this initial system for a year, we will install additional power systems over the ensuing three years to increase the project's output to up to 5 megawatts-enough electricity to power 1,200 Maine homes and businesses with clean tidal energy.
カテゴリ
科学と技術
==========================================================================
2013年1月14日月曜日
2013年1月12日土曜日
China wind energy development roadmap outlines path for China to achieve 1000 GW of wind by 2050
China wind energy development roadmap outlines path for China to achieve 1000 GW of wind by 2050
http://eqmaglive.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4086:china-wind-energy-development-roadmap-outlines-path-for-china-to-achieve-1000-gw-of-wind-by-2050-&catid=93:wind&Itemid=147
The share of wind power in Chinese electricity production could rise to 17% by 2050 from just 1% today according to a report launched in Beijing recently. The report was prepared by the National Development and Reform Commission’s Energy Research Institute (NDRC ERI) with close technical support from the International Energy Agency (IEA).The report shows how China, already the world’s largest wind market, could reach 1 000 GW of wind power by the middle of the century, an achievement that would reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1.5 gigatonnes per year in 2050, or roughly equivalent to the combined CO2 emissions of Germany, France and Italy in 2009.“By 2050, wind power could be one of the five largest power sources, alongside coal, hydro, solar and nuclear power. It will play a vital role in China’s energy supply and in our efforts to address climate change”, said Mr. Wang Zhongying, Deputy Director-General of ERI, who launched the report at the China Wind Power conference.
Achieving the potential offered by wind energy will require an estimated USD 200 billion (CNY 12 trillion) of investment to 2050 and represents tremendous opportunities for wind developers and investors. Figures exclude investment in the transmission network and costs associated with the variability of output from wind farms. ”This roadmap provides solid ground for the wind deployment effort, with detailed technical, economic and policy milestones that will help wind deliver on its potential,” said Bo Diczfalusy, Director of the Sustainable Energy Policy and Technology at the IEA.China became the world’s largest wind market in 2010, surpassing the United States with nearly 19 GW installed in that year, according to Chinese Wind Energy Association. Looking ahead, ERI’s roadmap sees capacity of 200 GW by 2020 and 400 GW by 2030. The most recent resource assessments suggest a potential of more than 2 300 GW, equivalent to two and a half times China’s total current installed generation capacity from all energy sources.
The roadmap charts a mix of onshore and offshore capacity, with onshore deployment in the North and Northwest dominating up to 2020. After 2020, offshore machines in the East will need to increase in number, while a optimized power system and strengthened grid will enable the transmission of electricity to the principal load centres in the east from increasing capacity in the Northwest. The system integration of these relatively high shares of wind power will remain one of the major challenges to this effort.
Copyright © 2012 EQ INTERNATIONAL.All Rights Reserved.
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１Ｇ（ギガ）＝１０００Ｍ（メガ） １Ｍ＝１０００Ｋ（キロ）
なので１Ｇ＝１００万Ｋです
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
中国国家エネルギー局は2012年1月上旬に12次5ヵ年発展計画の再生可能エネルギー発展目標を発表した。目標によると2015年までに中国の風力発電最大出力は100ＧＷに達する見込みで、さしあたっての発電能力は40ＧＷとすることを明らかにした。
==============================================
http://j.people.com.cn/94476/8042133.html
http://j.people.com.cn/94476/8042150.html
==============================================
http://eqmaglive.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4086:china-wind-energy-development-roadmap-outlines-path-for-china-to-achieve-1000-gw-of-wind-by-2050-&catid=93:wind&Itemid=147
The share of wind power in Chinese electricity production could rise to 17% by 2050 from just 1% today according to a report launched in Beijing recently. The report was prepared by the National Development and Reform Commission’s Energy Research Institute (NDRC ERI) with close technical support from the International Energy Agency (IEA).The report shows how China, already the world’s largest wind market, could reach 1 000 GW of wind power by the middle of the century, an achievement that would reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1.5 gigatonnes per year in 2050, or roughly equivalent to the combined CO2 emissions of Germany, France and Italy in 2009.“By 2050, wind power could be one of the five largest power sources, alongside coal, hydro, solar and nuclear power. It will play a vital role in China’s energy supply and in our efforts to address climate change”, said Mr. Wang Zhongying, Deputy Director-General of ERI, who launched the report at the China Wind Power conference.
Achieving the potential offered by wind energy will require an estimated USD 200 billion (CNY 12 trillion) of investment to 2050 and represents tremendous opportunities for wind developers and investors. Figures exclude investment in the transmission network and costs associated with the variability of output from wind farms. ”This roadmap provides solid ground for the wind deployment effort, with detailed technical, economic and policy milestones that will help wind deliver on its potential,” said Bo Diczfalusy, Director of the Sustainable Energy Policy and Technology at the IEA.China became the world’s largest wind market in 2010, surpassing the United States with nearly 19 GW installed in that year, according to Chinese Wind Energy Association. Looking ahead, ERI’s roadmap sees capacity of 200 GW by 2020 and 400 GW by 2030. The most recent resource assessments suggest a potential of more than 2 300 GW, equivalent to two and a half times China’s total current installed generation capacity from all energy sources.
The roadmap charts a mix of onshore and offshore capacity, with onshore deployment in the North and Northwest dominating up to 2020. After 2020, offshore machines in the East will need to increase in number, while a optimized power system and strengthened grid will enable the transmission of electricity to the principal load centres in the east from increasing capacity in the Northwest. The system integration of these relatively high shares of wind power will remain one of the major challenges to this effort.
Copyright © 2012 EQ INTERNATIONAL.All Rights Reserved.
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
１Ｇ（ギガ）＝１０００Ｍ（メガ） １Ｍ＝１０００Ｋ（キロ）
なので１Ｇ＝１００万Ｋです
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中国風力発電最大出力2050年目標を1000ＧＷにまで引き上げる
http://www.cncdm.jp/cat24/20501000.html中国国家エネルギー局は2012年1月上旬に12次5ヵ年発展計画の再生可能エネルギー発展目標を発表した。目標によると2015年までに中国の風力発電最大出力は100ＧＷに達する見込みで、さしあたっての発電能力は40ＧＷとすることを明らかにした。
最近制定されたもう一つの中国の風力発電産業の工程表によると、中国の風力発電最大出力はそれぞれ2020年には200ＧＷ、2030年には400ＧＷ、2050年には1000ＧＷに達し、風力発電を中国の五つの主要な電力源の内の一つとする見込みである。この目標に基づいて、2050年までに、中国風力発電産業の投資は1,458,180億円（1月18日現在1元≒12.1515日本円にて換算）に達する見通しで、風力発電設備メーカーに大いに便宜をはかり、多くの発展の機会を新たに作りだす。
中国国家発展改革委員会エネルギー研究所再生エネルギー発展センターが発表したところによると、2050年までに、風力発電プロジェクトが中国電力需要の17％を占めるようになると見込んでいる。手順表ではさらに 2020年前後までに、陸上風力発電のコストが石炭発電のコストに将来等しくなるであろうとも予測している。
特に、手順表では以下のようなスケジュールを提出している
2020年より前は、陸上風力発電プロジェクトを優先して開発し、併せて近海上のモデルプロジェクトも支援する。
2021年から2030年までは、陸上と近海での風力発電プロジェクトの発展を共に重んじ、遠海上でのモデルプロジェクトも支援する
2031年から2050年までは、三種類の全てのプロジェクトの足並みの揃った発展を実現する
目下のところ、グリッド接続とエネルギー生産に対する急激な需要が中国風力発電産業の発展を制約する二つの主要な要因になっている。この状況に鑑みて風力発電のスケジュール表にしたがって、それぞれの分類と省ごとの計画を実施する。
出所 中国新エネルギー網2012年1月9日 14：42：00
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中国の再生可能エネルギー、2050年に50％を目標
2012年 12月 4日13:42 ／ 提供：人民網日本語版
中国国務院参事、中国国家エネルギー専門家委員会委員、中国再生可能エネルギー学会理事長の石定寰氏はこのほど、中国の政府系ニュースサイト「中国網」のインタビュー番組にゲスト出演し、「新エネルギー発展」について語った。中国網が伝えた。
石氏は「中国再生可能エネルギー学会と中国国家再生可能エネルギーセンターは、ある研究テーマを推進中だ。中国国内の再生可能エネルギーが一次エネルギーに占める比率は、2050年に約50％に達する予定となっている。欧州各国は80％以上に達するため、中国は50％に達しなければ高い比率を占めるとは言えなくなる」と語った。
石氏は「中国の同比率は2020年に15％に達する。この15％には原子力エネルギー、非化石エネルギーが含まれる。欧州各国の再生可能エネルギーの比率は、2020年に20％に達する見通しだ。欧州の多くの国家では現在すでに20％以上に達しており、2030年には50％を上回る。欧州各国は2050年に70-80％を実現し、ドイツの80％の電力は再生可能エネルギーによるものとなる」と指摘した。
石氏は、欧州各国の再生可能エネルギーが占める比率と比べ、中国は2050年までに50％の目標を実現できるとし、「中国は現在、モデルチェンジのための条件と基礎を整えた。中国はすでに基礎を固めており、この事業に多くの人が従事している」と話した。
石氏は、経済発展水準はGDP成長率だけではなく、GDPの背後にあるエネルギー構造と品質に着目するべきだと主張し、「経済発展水準はGDPの水準だけではない。GDPだけでは何の役にも立たない。経済の品質に何が含まれるか、美しい中国が実現されるかこそが重要なのだ。エネルギー構造において、現在の70％の化石エネルギー（石炭を含む）を維持するならば、2050年に中国は欧米各国と比較できなくなるだろう。エネルギーの安全供給の保障、環境・生態・価格・コスト・経済効果で、他国と競争できなくなる」と語った。
http://j.people.com.cn/94476/8042133.html
http://j.people.com.cn/94476/8042150.html
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